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Non-fibrillar Amyloidogenic Protein Assemblies - Common Cytotoxins Underlying Degenerative Diseases pp 407–432Cite as

Transthyretin Aggregation and Toxicity

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Abstract

In 1952, Corino de Andrade identified the first form of hereditary ­amyloidosis—familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP)—in the northern Portugal near Porto. The age-of-onset of clinical symptoms was described to be the third or fourth decade of life in the affected Portuguese kindreds. Typical clinical features of FAP included early impairment of thermoception or nociception in the feet, and autonomic dysfunctions, all leading to paresis, malabsorption, emaciation, and death.

The genetic defect in the Portuguese FAP kindreds was found to be heterozygosity for a single point-mutation in the transthyretin (TTR) gene, giving rise to a variant TTR (TTR-Val30Met). Although originally regarded as a rare disease, it has now become clear that many other affected kindreds exist worldwide with over 100 amyloidogenic TTR mutations have been described. The mechanisms whereby various TTR mutations lead to amyloid aggregation have been the focus of research for the last three decades. Development of therapeutic strategies for FAP entails, among others, not only the elucidation of molecular mechanisms leading to TTR fibril formation, but also understanding the cellular/tissular effects produced by TTR deposition. Whilst researchers have gained some insight into the former aspect due to intense research in vitro, the latter issue is now emerging.

The work presented here addresses pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cellular dysfunction in FAP and integrates the molecular and cellular aspects underlying FAP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, R. Campo Alegre 823, Porto, Portugal

    Maria João Saraiva & Isabel Santos Cardoso

  2. ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Maria João Saraiva

  3. Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Isabel Santos Cardoso

Authors
  1. Maria João Saraiva
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  2. Isabel Santos Cardoso
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Correspondence to Maria João Saraiva .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Canberra, 0200, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Farid Rahimi

  2. , Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Charles E. Young Drive South 635, Los Angeles, 90095-7334, California, USA

    Gal Bitan

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Saraiva, M.J., Cardoso, I.S. (2012). Transthyretin Aggregation and Toxicity. In: Rahimi, F., Bitan, G. (eds) Non-fibrillar Amyloidogenic Protein Assemblies - Common Cytotoxins Underlying Degenerative Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2774-8_13

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