Abstract
This chapter discusses the ‘2009 Hong Kong International Convention on the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships’, from its historical background, structure and enforcement. The 2009 Hong Kong Convention establishes control and enforcement instruments in relation to ships’ recycling such as Flag State obligations, Port State control rights, obligations of a Party and its recycling facilities under its jurisdiction, communication and exchange of information procedure, reporting system upon completion of recycling, plus detection of violations and auditing system. The Convention, however, also contains some deficiencies. This chapter concludes that it is these deficiencies that will eventually influence the final acceptance of this Convention by the international society.
This article was earlier published as Ship Recycling and Marine Pollution, Yen-Chiang Chang et al., Marine Pollution Bulletin 60 (2010): 1390–1396.
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Notes
- 1.
Ian White and Fionn Molloy, “Ships and the Marine Environment,” Speech delivered at the Maritime Cyprus 2001 Conference, Limassol, Cyprus, 23–26 September 2001.
- 2.
O. Sundelin, The scrapping of vessels —an examination of the waste movement regime’s applicability to vessels destined for scrapping and potential improvements made in the IMO Draft Convention on Ship Recycling (Master’s Degree Easy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, 2008), p. 10–12.
- 3.
Nikos Mikelis, “Developments and Issues on Recycling of Ships,” Speech delivered at the East Asia Seas Congress, Haikou City, Hainan Province, PR China, 12-16 December 2006. .
- 4.
K. Krause, “End-of-life Ships-Linking European Maritime Safety to Occupational Safety on Asian Scrap Yards,” in R. Allsop, J Beckmann and G. M. Mackay (ed.), ETSC Yearbook 2005, Safety and Sustainability (Brussels, European Transport Safety Council, 2005), p. 76–80.
- 5.
Peter Rousmaniere, “Shipbreaking in the Developing World: Problems and Prospects,” International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health 13 (2007): 359–368.
- 6.
Louise de La Fayette, “The Protection of the Marine Environment—1999,” Environmental Policy and Law 30 (2000): 51–60.
- 7.
C. K. Hadjistassou, International Maritime Organization: Rethinking Marine Environmental Policy (Master’s Degree Easy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States, 2004), p. 20–22.
- 8.
Ship recycling, ship breaking, ship scrapping, ship dismantling and ship demolition are not well-defined terms. With due respect to the terms which are used in the Hong Kong Convention, the authors prefer to use the term of ‘ship recycling’ in this study. Another reason for using the term ‘ship recycling’ is related to the comprehensive content of recycling process, rather than breaking, scrapping, dismantling or demolition.
- 9.
Mikelis, note 3 above, pp. 1–10.
- 10.
Nikos Mikelis, “A Statistical Overview of Ship Recycling,” Proceeding of the International Symposium on Maritime Safety, Security and Environmental Protection, Athens, Greece, September 2007, pp.1–9.
- 11.
Sundelin, note 2 above, pp. 13.
- 12.
Mikelis, note 10, pp. 5–6.
- 13.
K. V. Vedeler, From Cradle to Grave—Value Chain Responsibility in the Ship Scrapping Industry, (Master’s Degree Easy, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Norway, 2006), p. 32–33.
- 14.
Andersen AB, ‘Worker safety in the ship-breaking industries. An issue paper’ Geneva, ILO, 2001, available online: <http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/shpbreak/wp-167.pdf> last visited date: 20/10/2011.
- 15.
Danish Environmental Protection Agency ‘Shipbreaking on OECD’ Working Report No. 17, 2003, available online: <http://www.mst.dk/homepage/default.asp?Sub=http://www.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2003/87-7972-588-0/html/kap01_eng.htm> last visited date: 20/10/2011; Vedeler, note 13 above, pp. 34-35.
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Chang, YC. (2012). Ship Recycling: An Overview of the 2009 Hong Kong International Convention on the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. In: Ocean Governance. SpringerBriefs in Geography. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2762-5_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2762-5_5
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