Skip to main content

Southern Masculinity in American Rock Music

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Perspectives on Males and Singing

Part of the book series: Landscapes: the Arts, Aesthetics, and Education ((LAAE,volume 10))

Abstract

In the United States it is often said American music is actually southern music, considering how all the genres considered ‘Americana’ originated in the southeastern region of the country. Even though rock-n-roll seems to have evolved well beyond the music’s regional roots, a historical analysis of rock over the last half century reveals the music retains its connection to southern masculine rebelliousness. While rock has undergone many changes and now exists in many subgenres, the music is still primarily written and performed by men, for audiences comprised of men. These male musicians use their music and vocals to express the frustration that come from an economically marginalized existence in the world’s richest country. By illustrating ways to rebel against the middle-class status quo, musicians and singers become more than just artists, but also role models as they musically express ways all men can compensate for a marginalized class status and reclaim their masculinity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahlkvist, J. A. (1999). Music and cultural analysis in the classroom: Introducing sociology through heavy metal. Teaching Sociology, 27(2) 126–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. (1991a). Adolescents and heavy metal music: From the mouths of metalheads. Youth & Society, 23, 76–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. (1991b). Heavy metal music and reckless behavior among adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20(6), 573–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. (1992). The soundtrack of recklessness: Musical preferences and reckless behavior among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(3), 313–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnet, J. (2009). High hopes in a grim world: Emerging adults’ views of their futures and generation x. Youth & Society, 31(3), 267–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, S. W. (1989). Resistance and its consequences: The street culture of punks. Youth & Society, 21(2), 207–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bederman, G. (1995). Manliness and civilization: A cultural history of gender and race in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betrand, M. (2004). I don’t think Hank done it that way: Elvis, country music and the reconstruction of southern masculinity. In M. K. McCusker & D. Pecknold (Eds.), A boy named Sue: Gender and country music (pp. 59–85). Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cash, W. ([1941] 1991). The mind of the South. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clawson, M. A. (1999). When women play the bass: Instrument and gender interpretation in alternative rock music. Gender & Society, 13(2), 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. (1987). Gender & Power. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. (1995). Mascunlinities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeRogatis, J. (2003). Milk it: Collected musings on the alternative music explosion of the ‘90s. Cambridge, MA: De Capo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastman, J. T., & Schrock, D. P. (2008). Southern rock musicians’ construction of white trash. Race, Gender & Class, 15(1–2), 205–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flacks, R. (1971). Youth and social change. Chicago: Markham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friend, C. T. (2009). From southern manhood to southern masculinities: An introduction. In C. T. Friend (Ed.), Southern masculinity: Perspectives on manhood in the south since reconstruction (pp. vii–xxvi). Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friend, G. T., & Glover, L. (2004). Southern manhood: Perspectives on masculinity in the old south. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frith, S. (1978). The sociology of rock. London: Constable.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frith, S. (1981). Sound effects: Youth, leisure and the politics of Rock’n’Roll. New York: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frith, S., & Street, J. (1992). Rock against racism and red wedge. In R. Garofolo (Ed.), Rockin the boat: Mass music and mass movements (pp. 67–80). Boston: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, E. K. (2000). U.S. feminism – grrrl styles!: Youth (sub)cultures and the technologics of the third wave. Feminist Studies, 26, 141–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glover, L. (2004). Let us manufacture men: Educating elite boys in the early national south. In C. T. Friend & L. Glover (Eds.), Southern manhood: Perspectives on masculinity in the old south (pp. 22–48). Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, R. (1968). The new rock: Wiggy words that feed your mind. Life, June, 67–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, R. (1990). Heavy metal music: A new subculture in American society. Journal of Popular Culture, 24, 119–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haenfler, R. (2004). Manhood in contradiction: The two faces of straight edge. Men and Masculinities, 7(1), 77–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1991). Constructing personality, and social reality through music: Individual differences among fans of punk and heavy metal music. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 3, 335–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, J. R. (1969). The flowering of the hippie movement. Annuals of the American Academy of Political Science, 382, 43–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, M. S. (1996). Manhood in America: A cultural history. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, M. S. (2005). Globalization and its mal(e)contents: The gendered moral and political economy of terrorism. In M. S. Kimmel, J. Hearn, & R. Connell (Eds.), Handbook of studies of men & masculinities (pp. 414–431). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, H. (1993). Subcultural identity in alternative music culture. Popular Music, 12(1), 33–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malone, B. C., & Strickland, D. ([1979] 2003). Southern music/American music. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, G. ([1989] 2003). Lipstick traces: A secret history of the twentieth century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R. (2005). Alternative to what?: Subcultural capital and the commercialization of a music scene. Deviant Behavior, 26, 229–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel, J. (2005). Masculinity and nationalism: Gender and sexuality in the making of nations. In S. Philip & H. Wollman (Eds.), Nations and nationalism: A reader (pp. 110–130). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, H., & Caldwell, M. (2007). Headbanging as resistance or refuge: A cathartic account. Consumption, Markets and Culture, 10(2), 159–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rafalovich, A. (2006). Broken and becoming god-sized: Contemporary metal music and masculine individualism. Symbolic Interaction, 29(1), 19–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddick, B. H., & Beresin, E. V. (2002). Rebellious rhapsody: Metal, rap, community and individuation. Academic Psychiatry, 26, 51–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, J., & Garfalo, G. (1998). Riot grrrl: Revolutions from within. SIGNS: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 23(3), 809–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roszak, T. (1969). The making of a counter culture: Reflection on the technocratic society and its youthful opposition. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotundo, A. E. (1993). American manhood: Transformations in masculinity from the revolution to the modern era. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schippers, M. (2000). The social organization of sexuality and gender in alternative hard rock: An analysis of intersectionality. Gender & Society, 14(6), 747–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schippers, M. (2002). Rockin’ out of the box: Gender maneuvering in alternative hard rock. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrock, D., & Schwalbe, M. (2009). Men, masculinity and manhood acts. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 277–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G. (2011). White mutants of straight edge: The avant-garde of abstinence. The Journal of Popular Culture, 44(3), 633–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger, V. C. (1998). Is it only rock ‘n’ roll? The chicken-and-the-egg dilemma. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23(6), 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walser, R. (1993). Running with the devil: Power, gender and madness in heavy metal music. Hanover, PA: University Press of New England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, D. (1995). Alternative youth: The ironies of recapturing youth culture. Young: Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 3(1), 65–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, D. ([1991] 2000). Heavy metal: The music and its culture. London: De Capo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. M. (1965). American society: A sociological interpretation (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt-Brown, B. (1986). Honor and violence in the old south. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yablonsky, L. (1968). The hippie trip: A firsthand account of the belief and behaviors of hippies in America. New York: Pegasus.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jason T. Eastman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Eastman, J.T. (2012). Southern Masculinity in American Rock Music. In: Harrison, S., Welch, G., Adler, A. (eds) Perspectives on Males and Singing. Landscapes: the Arts, Aesthetics, and Education, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2660-4_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics