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Dietary Phytochemicals and Chemoprevention of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Cancer

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Nutraceuticals and Cancer

Abstract

Preclinical, clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces harmful effects and leads to various skin diseases including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Solar UV radiation-induced skin cancers are caused by depletion in antioxidant defense system, inflammation, DNA damage, oxidation of lipids and proteins, disturbances in apoptotic machinery, deregulation of signaling pathways, mutation in critical target genes and immunosuppression. Therefore, for reducing the incidence of skin cancer the use of phytochemicals that possess the abilities to inhibit these events is gaining considerable attention as photoprotective agents. These phytochemicals are widely distributed in plant kingdom which includes fruits, vegetables, seeds, flowers and bark; and belong to several classes that include polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, proanthocyanidins, phytoalexins, anthocyanidins and carotenoids. This chapter presents and discusses key findings from studies on the photoprotective effects of some selected phytochemicals, such as, green tea polyphenols, pomegranate fruit extract, grape seed proanthocyanidins, silymarin, resveratrol, genistein, honokiol, quercetin, delphinidin, curcumin, sulforaphone, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin on UV-induced skin inflammation, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, DNA damage and dysregulation of important cellular signaling pathways for the management of skin cancer.

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Abbreviations

BCC:

basal cell carcinomas

CHS:

contact hypersensitivity

COX-2:

cyclooxygenase-2

CPD:

cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers

ECG:

(-)-epicatechin gallate

EGC:

(-)-epigallocatechin

EGCG:

(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate

GPx:

glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

reduced glutathione

GSPs:

grape seed proanthocyanidins

GTPs:

green tea polyphenols

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

IL:

interleukin

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

NER:

nucleotide excision repair

NFκB:

nuclear factor-kappaB

PCNA:

proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PFE:

pomegranate fruit extract

PG:

prostaglandin

PGE2 :

prostaglandin E2

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SCC:

squamous cell carcinomas

TNFα:

tumor necrosis factor alpha

UV:

ultraviolet

XPA:

xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A

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Acknowledgments

The work highlighted from author’s laboratory was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health [(R21 AT002429-02, F.A.) (CA104428, CA140832, AT002536, S.K.K.)] and Veterans Administration Merit Review Award (S.K.K.). The content of this article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the funding agencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Farrukh Afaq

  2. Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Santosh K. Katiyar

  3. Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Santosh K. Katiyar

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Correspondence to Santosh K. Katiyar .

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  1. , Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, John R Street, Detroit, 48201, USA

    Fazlul H. Sarkar

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Afaq, F., Katiyar, S.K. (2012). Dietary Phytochemicals and Chemoprevention of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Cancer. In: Sarkar, F. (eds) Nutraceuticals and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2630-7_14

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