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Amino Acid Homeostasis and Chronological Longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Aging Research in Yeast

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 57))

Abstract

Understanding how non-dividing cells remain viable over long periods of time, which may be decades in humans, is of central importance in understanding mechanisms of aging and longevity. The long-term viability of non-dividing cells, known as chronological longevity, relies on cellular processes that degrade old components and replace them with new ones. Key among these processes is amino acid homeostasis. Amino acid homeostasis requires three principal functions: amino acid uptake, de novo synthesis, and recycling. Autophagy plays a key role in recycling amino acids and other metabolic building blocks, while at the same time removing damaged cellular components such as mitochondria and other organelles. Regulation of amino acid homeostasis and autophagy is accomplished by a complex web of pathways that interact because of the functional overlap at the level of recycling. It is becoming increasingly clear that amino acid homeostasis and autophagy play important roles in chronological longevity in yeast and higher organisms. Our goal in this chapter is to focus on mechanisms and pathways that link amino acid homeostasis, autophagy, and chronological longevity in yeast, and explore their relevance to aging and longevity in higher eukaryotes.

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Abbreviations

BCAA:

branched side-chain amino acids

CLS:

chronological life span

CR:

calorie restriction

GAAC:

general amino acid control

ISC:

iron sulfur cluster

NCR:

nitrogen catabolite repression

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TOR:

target of rapamycin

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the support that we have received from the NIH (AG023719 to JPA; AG17994 to CL; CA95552 to WAD), including the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (AG028740), and the University of Florida Institute on Aging. We acknowledge the Honors Program at the University of Florida, which has facilitated the participation of undergraduate students in our research efforts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0235, USA

    John P. Aris, Laura K. Fishwick, Michelle L. Marraffini, Arnold Y. Seo & William A. Dunn Jr.

  2. Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2610, USA

    Christiaan Leeuwenburgh

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  1. John P. Aris
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  2. Laura K. Fishwick
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  3. Michelle L. Marraffini
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  6. William A. Dunn Jr.
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Correspondence to John P. Aris .

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  1. , Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria

    Michael Breitenbach

  2. , Tulane Center for Aging and Department o, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane Avenue SL-12 1430, New Orleans, 70112, Louisiana, USA

    S. Michal Jazwinski

  3. , Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria

    Peter Laun

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Aris, J.P., Fishwick, L.K., Marraffini, M.L., Seo, A.Y., Leeuwenburgh, C., Dunn, W.A. (2011). Amino Acid Homeostasis and Chronological Longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In: Breitenbach, M., Jazwinski, S., Laun, P. (eds) Aging Research in Yeast. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 57. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2561-4_8

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