Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Persea americana

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants

Abstract

Ginkgo is native to Far East Asia – China, Japan and Korea. It is commonly planted in Buddhist and Taoist temples in East Asia. It has been introduced to other temperate areas in both hemispheres.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Selected References

  • Adeboye JO, Fajonyomi MO, Makinde JM, Taiwo OB (1999) A preliminary study on the hypotensive activity of Persea americana leaf extracts in anaesthetized normotensive rats. Fitoterapia 70(1):15–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adeyemi OO, Okpo SO, Ogunti OO (2002) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of leaves of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae). Fitoterapia 73(5):375–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andriamanalijaona R, Benateau H, Barre PE, Boumediene K, Labbe D, Compere JF, Pujol JP (2006) Effect of interleukin-1beta on transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression in human periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells in culture: modulation by avocado and soybean unsaponifiables. J Periodontol 77(7):1156–1166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antia BS, Okokon JE, Okon PA (2005) Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Persea americana Mill. Indian J Pharmacol 37:325–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asaolu MF, Asaolu SS, Adanlawo IG (2010a) Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants of four botanicals with antihypertensive properties. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 1(2):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Asaolu MF, Asaolu SS, Fakunle JB, Emman-Okon BO, Ajayi EO, Togun RA (2010b) Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Persea americana and Cnidosculus aconitifolius. Pak J Nutr 9(11):1074–1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asaolu MF, Asaolu SS, Oyeyemi AO, Aluko BT (2010c) Hypolipemic effects of methanolic extract of Persea americana seeds in hypercholestrolemic rats. J Med Med Sci 1(4):126–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton OB, Wong M, McGhie TK, Vather R, Wang Y, Requejo-Jackman C, Ramankutty P, Woolf AB (2006) Pigments in avocado tissue and oil. J Agric Food Chem 54(26):10151–10158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assane M, Diop PA, Niang-Sylla M, Lopez-Sall P, Gueye PM, Charlevna A (2001) Study of the anti-icteric and hepatoprotective activity of Persea gratissima Gaertner (Lauraceae) seeds. Dakar Med 46(2):89–93, In French

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Au RY, Al-Talib TK, Au AY, Phan PV, Frondoza CG (2007) Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) suppress TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, COX-2, iNOS gene expression, and prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in articular chondrocytes and monocyte/macrophages. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15(11):1249–1255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blotman F, Maheu E, Wulwik A, Caspard H, Lopez A (1997) Efficacy and safety of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. A prospective, multicenter, three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-­controlled trial. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 64(12):825–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brai BIC, Odetola AA, Agomo PU (2007a) Effects of Persea americana leaf extracts on body weight and liver lipids in rats fed hyperlipidaemic diet. Afr J Biotechnol 6(8):1007–1011

    Google Scholar 

  • Brai BIC, Odetola AA, Agomo PU (2007b) Hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of Persea americana leaf extracts. J Med Food 10(2):356–360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butt AJ, Roberts CG, Seawright AA, Oelrichs PB, Macleod JK, Liaw TY, Kavallaris M, Somers-Edgar TJ, Lehrbach GM, Watts CK, Sutherland RL (2006) A novel plant toxin, persin, with in vivo activity in the mammary gland, induces Bim-dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 5(9):2300–2309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carranza J, Alvizouri M, Alvarado MR, Chávez F, Gómez M, Herrera JE (1995) Effects of avocado on the level of blood lipids in patients with phenotype II and IV dyslipidemias. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 65(4):342–348, In Spanish

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo-Juárez I, González V, Jaime-Aguilar H, Martínez G, Linares E, Bye R, Romero I (2009) Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. J Ethnopharmacol 122(2):402–405

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castro O, Gutiérrez JM, Barrios M, Castro I, Romero M, Umaña E (1999) Neutralization of the hemorrhagic effect induced by Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae) venom with tropical plant extracts. Rev Biol Trop 47(3):605–616, In Spanish

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen R, Bartels EM, Astrup A, Bliddal H (2008) Symptomatic efficacy of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16(4):399–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (1966) The wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. (Raw materials), vol 7. Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Craigmill AL, Seawright AA, Mattila T, Frost AJ (1989) Pathological changes in the mammary gland and biochemical changes in milk of the goat following oral dosing with leaf of the avocado (Persea americana). Aust Vet J 66(7):206–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dang QL, Kwon HR, Choi YH, Choi GJ, Jang KS, Park MS, Lim CH, Ngoc LH, Kim JC (2010) Nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus of isoobtusilactone A isolated from Persea americana. Nematology 12(2):247–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Almeida AP, Miranda MMFS, Simoni IC, Wigg MD, Lagrota MHC, Costa SS (1998) Flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the antiviral fractions of Persea americana (Lauraceae) leaf infusion. Phytother Res 12(8):562–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devi R, Singh V, Kumar A (2008) COD and BOD reduction from coffee processing wastewater using avocado peel carbon. Bioresour Technol 99(6):1853–1860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding H, Chin YW, Kinghorn AD, D’Ambrosio SM (2007) Chemopreventive characteristics of avocado fruit. Semin Cancer Biol 17(5):386–394

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding H, Han C, Guo D, Chin YW, Ding Y, Kinghorn AD, D’Ambrosio SM (2009) Selective induction of apoptosis of human oral cancer cell lines by avocado extracts via a ROS-mediated mechanism. Nutr Cancer 61(3):348–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donnarumma G, Buommino E, Baroni A, Auricchio L, De Filippis A, Cozza V, Msika P, Piccardi N, Tufano MA (2007) Effects of AV119, a natural sugar from avocado, on Malassezia furfur invasiveness and on the expression of HBD-2 and cytokines in human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 16(11):912–919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edem DO (2009) Hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of alligator pear seed (Persea americana Mill) in rats. Eur J Sci Res 33(4):669–678

    Google Scholar 

  • Edem D, Ekanem I, Ebong P (2009) Effect of aqueous extracts of alligator pear seed (Persea americana Mill.) on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 22(3):272–276

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epoyun AA, Adepoju GKA, Ekor M (2006) Protective effect of the methanolic leaf extract of Persea americana (avocado) against paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Int J Pharmacol 2(4):416–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst E (2003) Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) for osteoarthritis – a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 22(4–5):285–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabay O, Gosset M, Levy A, Salvat C, Sanchez C, Pigenet A, Sautet A, Jacques C, Berenbaum F (2008) Stress-induced signaling pathways in hyalin chondrocytes: inhibition by avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16(3):373–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Flores R, Arzate-Quintana C, Quintanilla-Licea R, Tamez-Guerra P, Tamez-Guerra R, Monreal-Cuevas E, Rodríguez-Padilla C (2008) Antimicrobial activity of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) (avocado) and Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less (Asteraceae) leaf extracts and active fractions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Am Eurasian J Sci Res 3(2):188–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Gondwe M, Kamadyaapa DR, Tufts MA, Chuturgoon AA, Ojewole JA, Musabayane CT (2008) Effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) [Avocado] ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and on kidney cell lines of the proximal (LLCPK1) and distal tubules (MDBK). Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 30(1):25–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorinstein S, Haruenkit R, Poovarodom S, Vearasilp S, Ruamsuke P, Namiesnik J, Leontowicz M, Leontowicz H, Suhaj M, Sheng GP (2010) Some analytical assays for the determination of bioactivity of exotic fruits. Phytochem Anal 21(4):355–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross J, Gabai M, Lifshitz A, Sklarz B (1973) Carotenoids in pulp, peel and leaves of Persea americana. Phytochemistry 12(9):2259–2263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross J, Gabai M, Lifshitz A, Sklarz B (1974) Structures of some carotenoids from the pulp of Persea ­americana. Phytochemistry 13(9):1917–1921

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimura H, Ueda C, Kawabata J, Kasai T (2001) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors from avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruits. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 65:1656–1658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henrotin YE, Deberg MA, Crielaard JM, Piccardi N, Msika P, Sanchez C (2006) Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables prevent the inhibitory effect of osteoarthritic subchondral osteoblasts on aggrecan and type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. J Rheumatol 33(8):1668–1678

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson RW (1950) The avocado – a gift from the Middle Americas. Econ Bot 4:253–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imafidon KE, Amaechina FC (2010) Effects of aqueous seed extract of Persea americana Mill. (avocado) on blood pressure and lipid profile in hypertensive rats. Adv Biol Res 4(2):116–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawagishi H, Fukumoto Y, Hatakeyama M, He P, Arimoto H, Matsuzawa T, Arimoto Y, Suganuma H, Inakuma T, Sugiyama K (2001) Liver injury suppressing compounds from avocado (Persea americana). J Agric Food Chem 49(5):2215–2221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim OK, Murakami A, Nakamura Y, Kim HW, Ohigash H (2000a) Inhibition by (−)-persenone A-related compounds of nitric oxide and superoxide generation from inflammatory leukocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64(11):2500–2503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim OK, Murakami A, Nakamura Y, Takeda N, Yoshizumi H, Ohigashi H (2000b) Novel nitric oxide and superoxide generation inhibitors, persenone A and B, from avocado fruit. J Agric Food Chem 48(5):1557–1563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim OK, Murakami A, Takahashi D, Nakamura Y, Torikai K, Kim HW, Ohigashi H (2000c) An avocado constituent, persenone A, suppresses expression of inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in macrophages, and hydrogen peroxide generation in mouse skin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64(11):2504–2507

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koffi N, Ernest AK, Dodiomon S (2009) Effect of aqueous extract of Persea americana seeds on the glycemia of diabetic rabbits. Eur J Sci Res 26(3):376–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopp LE (1966) A taxonomic revision of the genus Persea in the western hemisphere. Mem N Y Bot Gard 14:1–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK, Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ (2003) Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis 24: avocado oil. J Am Coll Nutr 22(1):52–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruthiventi AK, Krishnaswamy NR (2000) Constituents of the flowers of Persea gratissima. Fitoterapia 71(1):94–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni P, Paul R, Ganesh N (2010) In vitro evaluation of genotoxicity of avocado (Persea americana) fruit and leaf extracts in human peripheral lymphocytes. J Environ Sci Health 28(3):172–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lans CA (2006) Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leite JJG, Brito EHS, Cordeiro RA, Brilhante RSN, Sidrim JJC, Bertini LM, de Morais SM, Rocha MFG (2009) Chemical composition, toxicity and larvicidal and antifungal activities of Persea americana (avocado) seed extracts. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 42(2):110–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lequesne M, Maheu E, Cadet C, Dreiser RL (2002) Structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on joint space loss in osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Rheum 47(1):50–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li XW, Li J, van der Werff H (2008) Persea Miller. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (eds) Flora of China, vol 7, Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press/Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing/St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez Ledesma R, Frati Munari AC, Hernandez Dominguez BC, Cervantes Montalvo S, Hernandez Luna MH, Juarez C, Moran Lira S (1996) Monounsaturated fatty acid (avocado) rich diet for mild hypercholesterolemia. Arch Med Res 27(4):519–523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu QY, Arteaga JR, Zhang Q, Huerta S, Go VL, Heber D (2005) Inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. J Nutr Biochem 16(1):23–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu QY, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Lee RP, Gao K, Byrns R, Heber D (2009) California Hass avocado: profiling of carotenoids, tocopherol, fatty acid, and fat content during maturation and from different growing areas. J Agric Food Chem 57(21):10408–10413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheu E, Mazières B, Valat JP, Loyau G, Le Loët X, Bourgeois P, Grouin JM, Rozenberg S (1998) Symptomatic efficacy of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial with a six-month treatment period and a two-month followup demonstrating a persistent effect. Arthritis Rheum 41(1):81–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meade NA, Staat RH, Langley SD, Doyle RJ (1980) Lectin-like activity from Persea americana. Carbohydr Res 78(2):349–363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Méndez OP, Hernández LG (2007) High-density lipoproteins (HDL) size and composition are modified in the rat by a diet supplemented with “Hass” avocado (Persea americana Miller). Arch Cardiol Mex 77:17–24, In Spanish

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton J (1987) Avocado. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, pp 91–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh E, Werman MJ, Sabo E, Neeman I (2002) Defatted avocado pulp reduces body weight and total hepatic fat but increases plasma cholesterol in male rats fed diets with cholesterol. J Nutr 132(7):2015–2018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak BS, Raju SS, Chalapathi Rao AV (2008) Wound healing activity of Persea americana (avocado) fruit: a preclinical study on rats. J Wound Care 17(3):123–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberlies NH, Rogers LL, Martin JM, McLaughlin JL (1998) Cytotoxic and insecticidal constituents of the unripe fruit of Persea americana. J Nat Prod 61(6):781–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oelrichs PB, Ng JC, Seawright AA, Ward A, Schäffeler L, MacLeod JK (1995) Isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (Persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium. Nat Toxins 3(5):344–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ojewole JAO, Amabeoku GJ (2006) Anticonvulsant effect of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) (avocado) leaf aqueous extract in mice. Phytother Res 20(8):696–700

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ojewole JA, Kamadyaapa DR, Gondwe MM, Moodley K, Musabayane CT (2007) Cardiovascular effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) (avocado) aqueous leaf extract in experimental animals. Cardiovasc J Afr 18(2):69–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okonta M, Okonta L, Aguwa CN (2007) Blood glucose lowering activities of seed of Persea americana on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Nig J Nat Prod Med 11:26–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Anthony S (2009) Agroforestree database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp

  • Owolabi MA, Jaja SI, Coker HAB (2005) Vasorelaxant action of aqueous extract of the leaves of Persea ­americana on isolated thoracic rat aorta. Fitoterapia 76(6):567–573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owolabi MA, Coker HAB, Jaja SI (2010) Bioactivity of the phytoconstituents of the leaves of Persea ­americana. J Med Plant Res 4(12):1130–1135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pacetti D, Boselli E, Lucci P, Frega NG (2001) Simultaneous analysis of glycolipids and phospholids molecular species in avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruit. J Chromatogr A 115(1–2):241–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (1999) Persea americana Mill., Lauraceae http://www.hear.org/pier/species/persea_americana.htm

  • Pino JA, Mabot R, Rosado A, Fuentes V (2004) Volatile components of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Moro grown in Cuba. J Essent Oil Res 16(2):139–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plaza L, Sánchez-Moreno C, de Pascual-Teresa S, de Ancos B, Cano MP (2009) Fatty acids, sterols, and antioxidant activity in minimally processed avocados during refrigerated storage. J Agric Food Chem 57(8):3204–3209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porcher MH et al (1995–2020) Searchable world wide web multilingual multiscript plant name database. The University of Melbourne, Australia. http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html

  • Salazar MJ, El Hafidi M, Pastelin G, Ramírez-Ortega MC, Sánchez-Mendoza MA (2005) Effect of an avocado oil-rich diet over an angiotensin II-induced blood pressure response. J Ethnopharmacol 98(3):335–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stücker M, Memmel U, Hoffmann M, Hartung J, Altmeyer P (2001) Vitamin B(12) cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis. Dermatology 203(2):141–147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama T, Sato A, Yamashita K (1982) Synthesis of all four stereoisomers of antibacterial component of avocado. Agric Biol Chem 46(2):481–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takenaga F, Matsuyama K, Abe S, Torii Y, Itoh S (2008) Lipid and fatty acid composition of mesocarp and seed of avocado fruits harvested at northern range in Japan. J Oleo Sci 57(11):591–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (2010) USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page, http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl

  • Unlu NZ, Bohn T, Clinton SK, Schwartz SJ (2005) Carotenoid absorption from salad and salsa by humans is enhanced by the addition of avocado or avocado oil. J Nutr 135(3):431–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Werff H (2002) A synopsis of Persea (Lauraceae) in Central America. Novon 12(4):575–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiley AW (1992) Persea americana Miller. In: Verheij EWM, Coronel RE (eds) Plant resources of South-East Asia. No. 2: edible fruits and nuts. Prosea Foundation, Bogor, pp 240–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams LO (1977) The avocados, a synopsis of the genus Persea, subg Persea. Econ Bot 31:315–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaman M, Eser O, Cosar M, Bas O, Sahin O, Mollaoglu H, Fidan H, Songur A (2007) Oral administration of avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) reduces ischemic damage in the rat hippocampus. Arch Med Res 38(5):489–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasir M, Das S, Kharya MD (2010) The phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Persea americana Mill. Pharmacogn Rev 4(7):77–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye Q, Gu ZM, Zeng L, Zhao GX, Chang CJ, McLaughlin JL, Sastrodihardjo S (1996) Persealide: a novel, biologically active component from the bark of Persea americana (Lauraceae). Pharm Biol 34(1):70–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuko M, Jun K, Takanori K (2003) Antioxidative constituents in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds. J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol 50(11):550–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canberra, ACT, Australia Norriss Street 49 2905 Chisholm Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Dr. T. K. Lim

Authors
  1. Dr. T. K. Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. K. Lim .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lim, T.K. (2012). Persea americana. In: Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2534-8_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation