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Treatment of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Kidney with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

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Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells,Volume 3

Part of the book series: Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells ((STEM,volume 3))

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Abstract

Kidney ischemia reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity in native kidneys. Ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by early, alloantigen-independent inflammation. Major components of the innate immune system are activated and participate in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. Soluble bioactive factors implicated in acute kidney injury include the complement system, cytokines, and chemokines. Effector cells that participate in acute kidney injury include the classic immune cells, e.g. neutrophils and macrophages. Recent data have identified lymphocytes as participants in early acute kidney injury responses. Available therapies are only supportive and outcomes for patients with AKI remain suboptimal. We showed that core components of the pathophysiology of AKI, such as vascular injury, tubular injury, and inflammation can readily be treated with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs injection resulted in lower pro-inflammatory and apoptotic scores, and higher anti-inflammatory and mitogenic indices thus effectively ameliorating experimental AKI. Because this positive functional effect was accompanied by rapid disappearance of administered MSCs from the kidney, we concluded that these cells act principally through paracrine mechanisms. In this review, we will focus on immune mediators that participate in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury and describe the modes of action whereby MSCs affect the complex pathophysiology of AKI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Claudia Lange

  2. Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Axel R. Zander

  3. Division of Nephrology (111 N), George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Christof Westenfelder

Authors
  1. Claudia Lange
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  2. Axel R. Zander
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  3. Christof Westenfelder
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claudia Lange .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Kean University, Room 213, Library building, Morris Avenue 1000, Union, 07083, New Jersey, USA

    M.A. Hayat

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Lange, C., Zander, A.R., Westenfelder, C. (2012). Treatment of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Kidney with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells,Volume 3. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2415-0_24

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