Abstract
As an important constituent in the stratiform clouds of precipitation systems, ice hydrometeors play an important role in the development of convective systems and precipitation. Due to scarce cloud observations, effects of ice clouds on precipitation systems have been intensively investigated through the numerical modeling and its analysis in recent decades. Numerical studies have showed that the inclusion of ice microphysical parameterization schemes in the models has led to the improvements in cloud-resolving simulations of squall lines (e.g., Yoshizaki 1986; Nicholls 1987; Fovell and Ogura 1988; Tao and Simpson 1989; McCumber et al. 1991; Tao et al. 1991), in cloud-resolving and mesoscale simulations of tropical cyclones (e.g., Willoughby et al. 1984; Lord et al. 1984; Liu et al. 1997), and in simulations of general circulation models (e.g., Ramanathan et al. 1983; Slingo 1987; Heymsfield and Donner 1990; Fowler et al. 1996).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fovell RG, Ogura Y (1988) Numerical simulation of a midlatitude squall line in two dimensions. J Atmos Sci 45:3846–3879
Fowler LD, Randall DA, Rutledge SA (1996) Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model. Part I: model description and simulated microphysical processes. J Clim 9:489–529
Gao S, Ran L, Li X (2006) Impacts of ice microphysics on rainfall and thermodynamic processes in the tropical deep convective regime: a 2D cloud-resolving modeling study. Mon Weather Rev 134:3015–3024
Grabowski WW (2003) Impact of ice microphysics on multiscale organization of tropical convection in two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations. Q J R Meteorol Soc 129:67–81
Grabowski WW, Moncrieff MW (2001) Large-scale organization of tropical convection in two-dimensional explicit numerical simulations. Q J R Meteorol Soc 127:445–468
Grabowski WW, Wu X, Moncrieff MW (1999) Cloud-resolving model of tropical cloud systems during Phase III of GATE. Part III: effects of cloud microphysics. J Atmos Sci 56:2384–2402
Heymsfield AJ, Donner LJ (1990) A scheme for parameterization ice-cloud water content in general circulation models. J Atmos Sci 47:1865–1877
Krueger SK, Fu Q, Liou KN, Chin HNS (1995) Improvement of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection. J Appl Meteorol 34:281–287
Li X, Zou CZ (2009) Effects of sea surface temperature, radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature: a two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving modeling study. Meteorol Atmos Phys 105:85–98
Li X, Sui CH, Lau KM, Chou MD (1999) Large-scale forcing and cloud-radiation interaction in the tropical deep convective regime. J Atmos Sci 56:3028–3042
Li X, Sui CH, Lau KM, Tao WK (2005) Tropical convective responses to microphysical and radiative processes: a 2D cloud-resolving modeling study. Meteorol Atmos Phys 90:245–259
Liu C, Moncrieff MW (1997) Dynamic influence of microphysics in tropical squall lines: a numerical study. Mon Weather Rev 125:2193–2210
Liu Y, Zhang DL, Yau MK (1997) A multiscale numerical study of HurricaneAndrew (1992). Part I: explicit simulation and verification. Mon Weather Rev 125:3073–3093
Lord SJ, Willoughby HE, Piotrowicz JM (1984) Role of a parameterized ice phase microphysics in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model. J Atmos Sci 41:2836–2848
McCumber M, Tao WK, Simpson J, Penc R, Soong ST (1991) Comparison of ice –phase microphysical parameterization schemes using numerical simulations of tropical convection. J Appl Meteorol 30:985–1004
Nicholls ME (1987) A comparison of the results of a two-dimensional numerical simulation of a tropical squall line with observations. Mon Weather Rev 115:3055–3077
Ping F, Luo Z (2009) Microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on diurnal variations of tropical convective and stratiform rainfall. Atmos Res 93:862–873, (c) Elsevier. Reprinted with permission
Ping F, Luo Z, Li X (2007) Microphysical and radiative effects of ice microphysics on tropical equilibrium states: a two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study. Mon Weather Rev 135:2794–2802, (c) American Meteorological Society. Reprinted with permission
Ping F, Luo Z, Li X (2011) Regional dependence of microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature. Meteorol Atmos Phys 112:29–39
Ramanathan V, Pitcher EJ, Malone RC, Blackmon ML (1983) The response of a spectral general circulation model to refinements in radiative processes. J Atmos Sci 40:605–630
Slingo JM (1987) The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Q J R Meteorol Soc 113:899–927
Tao WK, Simpson J (1989) Modeling study of a tropical squall-type convective line. J Atmos Sci 46:177–202
Tao WK, Simpson J, Soong ST (1991) Numerical simulation of a subtropical squall line over the Taiwan Strait. Mon Weather Rev 119:2699–2723
Wang D, Li X, Tao WK (2010) Torrential rainfall responses to radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006). Meteorol Atmos Phys 109:115–128
Wang Y, Shen X, Li X (2010) Microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on responses of rainfall to the large-scale forcing during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China. Atmos Res 97:35–46, (c) Elsevier. Reprinted with permission
Willoughby HE, Jin HL, Lord SJ, Piotrowicz JM (1984) Hurricane structure and evolution as simulated by an axisymmetric, non-hydrostatic numerical model. J Atmos Sci 41:1169–1186
Wu X, Hall WD, Grabowski WW, Moncrieff MW, Collins WD, Kiehl JT (1999) Long-term evolution of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part II: effects of ice microphysics on cloud-radiation interaction. J Atmos Sci 56:3177–3195
Yoshizaki M (1986) Numerical simulations of tropical squall-line clusters: two-dimensional model. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 64:469–491
Zhou Y, Li X (2011) An analysis of thermally-related surface rainfall budgets associated with convective and stratiform rainfall. Adv Atmos Sci 28:1099–1108
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Li, X., Gao, S. (2012). Microphysical and Radiative Effects of Ice Clouds. In: Precipitation Modeling and Quantitative Analysis. Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2381-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2381-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2380-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2381-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)