Abstract
We conclude with short descriptions of a few important problems of cosmological physics. These tie together several topics from previous chapters. We discuss (1) Homogeneity scale and superlarge structures, (2) Detection of baryonic acoustic oscillations, (3) Dark energy in the neighbourhood of the Local Group, and (4) Conceptual problems of the expanding space physics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
These deep galaxy surveys are COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey), FDF (FORS Deep Field of the ESO VLT), HUDF (Hubble Ultra Deep Field), and HDF-N (Hubble Deep Field North). The COSMOS survey contains about half a million photometric redshifts evaluated using 30 filters for over 600 000 galaxies in a field of 77′×77′, with the limiting B magnitude of 26. The other samples are smaller in galaxy number and field size, but extend deeper, with the limiting magnitudes 27–30.
- 2.
The ALHAMBRA project (Moles et al. 2008), with observations of 8 deep fields in 20 filters and a total of 6.6×105 galaxies, is currently in the process of completion.
- 3.
\(A=1/H_{\mathrm{V}} =(\frac{8 \pi G}{3} \rho_{\mathrm{V}})^{-1/2} \simeq5 \times10^{17} s\simeq1.5 \times10^{28}\) cm is a characteristic vacuum time/length, the inverse value of the “vacuum Hubble constant” H V.
- 4.
This is the same 1.7 as in the global scale factor ratio leading to z v=0.7. Namely, the requirement that the global acceleration is zero when ρ V=0.5ρ m(z V) leads in terms of the current mass density to the condition 2ρ V=(1+z V)3 ρ m or (2ρ loc/ρ m)1/3=(1+z V)=1.7.
- 5.
The LTB models, which are asymptotically Friedmann-like on large scales, have three possible initial conditions: the density distribution, the velocity field, and the bang time function, and any two of these determine the third one. Therefore, Gromov et al. (2001) pointed out that the Hubble law may be linear even inside a fractal distribution if the bang time function is suitably broad. This explanation may sound too artificial; however, a variant of it has been applied by Célérier et al. (2010) to explain the Hubble diagram of distant SNIa supernovae without the need to assume a big local hole (or dark energy).
References
Barnes, L.A., Francis, M.J., James, J.B., Lewis, G.F.: Joining the Hubble flow: Implications for expanding space. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 373, 382 (2006)
Baryshev, Yu.: Modern state of observational cosmology. VINTI, Itogi Nauki i Techniki, Series Classical Field Theory and Gravity Theory, vol. 4: Gravitation and Cosmology, p. 89 (1992b) (in Russian)
Baryshev, Yu.V.: On the fractal nature of the large-scale structure of the universe. Astron. Astrophys. Trans. 5, 15 (1994)
Baryshev, Yu., Sylos-Labini, F., Montuori, M., Pietronero, L., Teerikorpi, P.: On the fractal structure of galaxy distribution and its implications for cosmology. Fractals 6, 231 (1998)
Baryshev, Yu., Chernin, A., Teerikorpi, P.: The cold local Hubble flow as a signature of dark energy. Astron. Astrophys. 378, 729 (2001)
Beutler, F., Blake, C., Colless, M., et al.: The 6dF galaxy survey: Baryon acoustic oscillations and the local Hubble constant (2011). arXiv:1106.3366
Cabré, A., Gaztañaga, E.: Clustering of luminous red galaxies—I. Large-scale redshift-space distortions. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 393, 1183 (2009)
Célérier, M.-N., Bolejko, K., Krasiński, A.: A (giant) void is not mandatory to explain away dark energy with a Lemaître-Tolman model. Astron. Astrophys. 518, A21 (2010)
Chernin, A.: Cosmic vacuum. Phys. Usp. 44, 1153 (2001)
Chernin, A., Teerikorpi, P., Baryshev, Yu.: Non-Friedmann cosmology for the Local Universe, significance of the universal Hubble constant and short-distance indicators of dark energy. Astron. Astrophys. 456, 13 (2006)
Chernin, A.D., Teerikorpi, P., Valtonen, M.J., Dolgachev, V.P., Domozhilova, L.M. Byrd G.G.: Local dark matter and dark energy as estimated on a scale of ∼1 Mpc in a self-consistent way. Astron. Astrophys. 507, 1271 (2009)
Chernin, A.D., Karachentsev, I.D., Nasonova, O.G., et al.: Dark energy domination in the virgocentric flow. Astron. Astrophys. 520, A104 (2010)
Cooperstock, F.I., Faraoni, V., Vollick, D.N.: The influence of the cosmological expansion on local systems. Astrophys. J. 503, 61 (1998)
Courtois, H., Paturel, G., Sousbie, T., Sylos Labini, F.: The LEDA galaxy distribution: I. Maps of the Local Universe. Astron. Astrophys. 423, 27 (2004)
Davis, T.M., Lineweaver, C.H.: Expanding confusion: Common misconceptions of cosmological horizons and the superluminal expansion of the universe. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 21, 97 (2004)
de Vaucouleurs, G.: The case for a hierarchical cosmology. Science 167, 1203 (1970)
de Vaucouleurs, G.: The large-scale distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 83, 113 (1971)
De Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., Corwin, H.G. Jr., Buta, R.J., Paturel, G., Fouqu’e, P.: Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Springer, New York (1991)
Einasto, J., Einasto, M., Saar, E., et al.: Superclusters of galaxies from the 2dF redshift survey. II. Comparison with simulations. Astron. Astrophys. 462, 397 (2007)
Eisenstein, D.J., Hu, W.: Baryonic features in the matter transfer function. Astrophys. J. 496, 605 (1998)
Eisenstein, D.J., Zehavi, I., Hogg, D.W.: Detection of the baryon acoustic peak in the large-scale correlation function of SDSS luminous red galaxies. Astrophys. J. 633, 560 (2005)
Fang, L.L., Mo, H.J., Ruffini, R.: The cellular structure of the universe and cosmological tests. Astron. Astrophys. 243, 283 (1991)
Feynman, R., Morinigo, F., Wagner, W.: Feynman Lectures on Gravitation. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1995)
Francis, M.J., Barnes, L.A., James, J.B., Lewis, G.F.: Expanding space: The root of all evil? Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 24, 95 (2007)
Gabrielli, A., Joyce, M., Sylos Labini, F.: Glass-like universe: Real-space correlation properties of standard cosmological models. Phys. Rev. D 65(8), 083523 (2002)
Gabrielli, A., Sylos Labini, F., Joyce, M., Pietronero, L.: Statistical Physics for Cosmic Structures. Springer, Berlin (2005)
Gott, J.R. III, Juric, M., Schlegel, D., et al.: A map of the universe. Astrophys. J. 624, 463 (2005)
Gromov, A., Baryshev, Yu., Suson, D., Teerikorpi, P.: Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi model: Fractality, non-simultaneus bang time and the Hubble law. Gravit. Cosmol. 7, 140 (2001)
Gron, O., Elgaroy, O.: Is space expanding in the Friedmann universe models? Am. J. Phys. 75, 151 (2007)
Guth, A.H.: The big bang and cosmic inflation. CTP Preprint 2144, 1-47 (1992)
Haggerty, M.J., Wertz, J.R.: On the redshift–magnitude relation in hierarchical cosmologies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 155, 495 (1972)
Harrison, E.R.: Cosmology–The Science of the Universe, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1981), 2nd edition 2000
Harrison, E.R.: The redshift-distance and velocity-distance laws. Astrophys. J. 403, 28 (1993)
Harrison, E.R.: Mining energy in an expanding universe. Astrophys. J. 446, 63 (1995)
Hartwick, F.D.A.: The velocity field around groups of galaxies. Astron. J. 141, 198 (2011)
Hoffman, Y., Martinez-Vaquero, L.A., Yepes, G., Gottlöber, S.: The local Hubble flow: Is it a manifestation of dark energy? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 390 (2008)
Hogg, D., Eisenstein, D., Blanton, M., et al.: Cosmic homogeneity demonstrated with luminous red galaxies. Astrophys. J. 624, 54 (2005)
Joyce, M., Sylos Labini, F.: Luminosity density estimation from redshift surveys and the mass density of the universe. Astrophys. J. 554, L1 (2001)
Joyce, M., Sylos Labini, F., Gabrielli, A., Montuori, M., Pietronero, L.: Basic properties of galaxy clustering in the light of recent results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Astron. Astrophys. 443, 11 (2005)
Karachentsev, I., Makarov, D.I., Sharina, M.E., et al.: Local galaxy flows within 5 Mpc. Astron. Astrophys. 398, 493 (2003)
Karachentsev, I.D., Kashibadze, O.G., Makarov, D.I., Tully, R.B.: The Hubble flow around the local group. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 393, 1265 (2009)
Kashlinsky, A., Atrio-Barandela, F., Kocevski, D., Ebeling, H.: A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: Results and cosmological implications. Astrophys. J. 686, L49 (2008)
Kiang, T.: Time, distance, velocity, redshift: A personal guided tour (2003). astro-ph/0308010
Lahav, O., Lilje, P.B., Primack, J.R., Rees, M.J.: Dynamical effects of the cosmological constant. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 251, 128 (1991)
Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: The Classical Theory of Fields. Pergamon, Oxford (1971)
Macciò, A.V., Governato, F., Horellou, C.: The signature of dark energy on the local Hubble flow. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 359, 941 (2005)
Martinez, V.J., Arnalte-Mur, P., Saar, E., et al.: Reliability of the detection of the baryon acoustic peak. Astrophys. J. Lett. 696, L93 (2009)
Martinez-Vaquero, L.A., Yepes, G., Hoffman, Y., Gottlöber, S., Sivan, M.: Constrained simulations of the local universe—II. The nature of the local Hubble flow. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397, 2070 (2009)
Massey, R., Rhodes, J., Ellis, R., et al.: Dark matter maps reveal cosmic scaffolding. Nature 445, 286 (2007a)
McCrea, W., Milne, E.: Newtonian universes and the curvature of space. Q. J. Math. 5, 73 (1934)
Milne, E.A.: A Newtonian expanding universe. Q. J. Math. 5, 64 (1934)
Moles, M., Benitez, N., Aguerri, J.A.L., et al.: The Alhambra survey: A large area multimedium-band optical and near-infrared photometric survey. Astrophys. J. 136, 1325 (2008)
Nabokov, N.V., Baryshev, Yu.V.: A search for super-large structures in deep galaxy surveys. In: Baryshev, Yu.V., Taganov, I.N., Teerikorpi, P. (eds.) Problems of Practical Cosmology. Proceedings of the International Conference held at Russian Geographical Society, 23–27 June, 2008, St. Petersburg, vol. 1, p. 69. TIN, St.Petersburg (2008b)
Nabokov, N.V., Baryshev, Yu.V.: Method for analyzing the spatial distribution of galaxies on gigaparsec scales. I. Initial principles. Astrophysics 53, 91 (2010a)
Nabokov, N.V., Baryshev, Yu.V.: Method for analyzing the spatial distribution of galaxies on gigaparsec scales. II. Application to a grid of the HUDF-FDF-COSMOS-HDF surveys. Astrophysics 53, 101 (2010b)
Padmanabhan, N., Schlegel, D.J., Seljak, U.: The clustering of luminous red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 378, 852 (2007)
Paturel, G., Bottinelli, L., Gouguenheim, L., Fouqué, P.: New determination of the pole of a “hypergalactic” large scale system. Astron. Astrophys. 189, 1 (1988)
Paturel, G., Bottinelli, L., Di Nella, H., Gouguenheim, L., Teerikorpi, P.: Kinematics of the local universe: Completeness of the sample. Astron. Astrophys. 289, 711 (1994)
Paturel, G., Bottinelli, L., Di Nella, H., et al.: The extragalactic data base: VII—Reduction of astrophysical parameters. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 124, 109 (1997b)
Peebles, P.J.E.: The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton (1980)
Peebles, P.J.E.: Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton (1993)
Raikov, A.A., Orlov, V.V., Beketov, O.B.: Inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution of gamma-ray bursts. Astrophysics 53, 396 (2010)
Rudnick, L., Brown, S., Williams, L.R.: Extragalactic radio sources and the WMAP cold spot. Astrophys. J. 671, 40 (2007)
Sandage, A., Tammann, G.A., Hardy, E.: Limits on the local deviation of the universe for a homogeneous model. Astrophys. J. 172, 253 (1972)
Springel, V., White, S.D., Jenkins, A., et al.: Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars. Nature 435, 629 (2005)
Sylos Labini, F.: Inhomogeneities in the universe (2011). arXiv:1103.5974, contribution to Classical and Quantum Gravity special issue “Inhomogeneous Cosmological Models and Averaging in Cosmology”
Sylos Labini, F., Vasilyev, N.L.: Extension and estimation of correlations in cold dark matter models. Astron. Astrophys. 477, 381 (2008)
Sylos Labini, F., Vasilyev, N.L., Baryshev, Yu.V.: Large-scale fluctuations in the distribution of galaxies from the two-degree galaxy redshift survey. Astron. Astrophys. 496, 7 (2009a)
Sylos Labini, F., Vasilyev, N.L., Baryshev, Yu.V.: Breaking the self-averaging properties of spatial galaxy fluctuations in the Sloan digital sky survey data release six. Astron. Astrophys. 508, 17 (2009b)
Sylos Labini, F., Vasilyev, N.L., Baryshev, Yu.V., Lopez-Corredoira, M.: Absence of anti-correlations and of baryon acoustic oscillations in the galaxy correlation function from the Sloan digital sky survey DR7. Astron. Astrophys. 505, 981 (2009c)
Teerikorpi, P.: Influence of a generalized Eddington effect on galaxy counts. Astron. Astrophys. 424, 73 (2004)
Teerikorpi, P., Chernin, A.D.: The Hubble diagram for a system within dark energy: The location of the zero-gravity radius and the global Hubble rate. Astron. Astrophys. 516, A93 (2010)
Teerikorpi, P., Hanski, M., Theureau, G., et al.: The radial space distribution of KLUN-galaxies up to 200 Mpc: Incompleteness or evidence for the behaviour predicted by fractal dimension ≈2?. Astron. Astrophys. 334, 395 (1998)
Teerikorpi, P., Chernin, A.D., Baryshev, Yu.V.: The quiescent Hubble flow, local dark energy tests, and pairwise velocity dispersion in a Ω=1 universe. Astron. Astrophys. 440, 791 (2005)
Teerikorpi, P., Chernin, A.D., Karachentsev, I.D., Valtonen, M.J.: Dark energy in the environments of the local group, the M81 group and the CenA group: The normalized Hubble diagram. Astron. Astrophys. 483, 383 (2008)
Tikhonov, A.V., Karachentsev, I.D.: Minivoids in the local volume. Astrophys. J. 653, 969 (2006)
Tully, R.B., Shaya, E.J., Karachentsev, I.D., et al.: Our peculiar motion away from the local void. Astrophys. J. 676, 184 (2008)
Watkins, R., Feldman, H.A., Hudson, M.J.: Consistently large cosmic flows on scales of 100h-1Mpc: a challenge for the standard ΛCDM cosmology. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 392, 743 (2009)
Whiting, A.B.: The expansion of space: Free-particle motion and the cosmological redshift. Observatory 124, 173 (2004). astro-ph/0404095
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Baryshev, Y., Teerikorpi, P. (2012). Some Outstanding Problems of Cosmological Physics. In: Fundamental Questions of Practical Cosmology. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 383. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2379-5_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2379-5_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2378-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2379-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)