Abstract
In catastrophe management, risk spreading is one of the important measures for increasing societal resilience to disasters. In this paper we discuss an integrated catastrophe management model which explores alternative risk spreading options. As a case study we consider the seismic prone Tuscany region of Italy. Special attention is given to the evaluation of a public loss-spreading program involving partial compensation to victims by the central government and the spreading of risks through a pool of insurers on the basis of location-specific exposures. GIS-based catastrophe models and stochastic optimization methods are used to guide policy analysis with respect to location-specific risk exposures. The use of economically sound risk indicators lead to convex stochastic optimization problems strongly connected with nonconvex insolvency constraint and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Amendola A, Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, Gitits V, Koff G, Linnerooth-Bayer J (2000a) A systems approach to modeling catastrophic risks and insurability. Nat Hazard 21:381–393
Amendola A, Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T (2000b) Earthquake risk management: a case study for an Italian region. In: Proceedings of the second Euroconference on global change and catastrophe risk management: earthquake risks in Europe IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria
Amendola A, Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva TY (2001) Earthquake risk management: a case study for an Italian region. In: Zio E, Demichela M, and Piccinini N (eds) Towards a Safer World. Proceedings of the ESREL Conference, Torino, Italy, 16–20(3):1875–1882
Arrow K (1996) The theory of risk-bearing: small and great risks. J Risk Uncertain 12:103–111
Artzner P, Delbaen F, Eber JM, Heath D (1999) Coherent measures of risk. Math Finance 9(3):203–228
Baranov S, Digas B, Ermolieva T, Rozenberg V (2002) Earthquake risk management: scenario generator. International Institute Applied Systems Analysis, interim report IR-02-025, Laxenburg, Austria
Birge J, Louveaux F (1997) Introduction to stochastic programming. Springer series in operations research. Springer, New York
Borch K (1962) Equilibrium in a reinsurance market. Econometrica 30(3):424–444
Cummins JD, Doherty N (1996) Can insurer pay for the “Big One”? measuring capacity of an insurance market to respond to catastrophic losses. Working paper, Wharton risk management and Decision Processes Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Dantzig GB (1979) The role of models in determining policy for transition to a more resilient technological society. IIASA distinguished lecture series http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUBDocuments/XO-79-002.pdf
Daykin C, Pentikainen T, Pesonen M (1994) Practical risk theory for actuaries. Monographs on statistics and applied probability, vol 53. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London
Dilley M, Chen R, Deichmann U, Lerner-Lam A, Arnold M, Agwe J, Buys P, Kjekstad O, Lyon B, Yetman G (2005) Natural disaster hotspots: a global risk analysis. Disaster risk management series 5. The World Bank Hazard Management Unit, Washington, DC
Embrechts P, Klueppelberg C, Mikosch T (2000) Modeling extremal events for insurance and finance: applications of mathematics, stochastic modeling and applied probability, vol 33. Springer, Heidelberg
Ermoliev Y, Wets R (1988) Numerical techniques of stochastic optimization. Computational mathematics. Springer, Berlin
Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, MacDonald G, Norkin V (2000) Insurability of catastrophic risks: the stochastic optimization model. Optim J 47:251–265
Ermoliev Y, Ermolieva T, MacDonald G, Norkin V (2001) Problems on insurance of catastrophic risks. Cybern Syst Anal 37(2):220–234
Ermolieva T (1997) The design of optimal insurance decisions in the presence of catastrophic risks. International Institute Applied Systems Analysis, interim report IR-97-068, Laxenburg, Austria
Ermolieva T, Ermoliev Y, Norkin V (1997) Spatial stochastic model for optimizing capacity of insurance networks under dependent catastrophic risks: numerical experiments. International Institute Applied Systems Analysis, interim report IR-97-028, Laxenburg, Austria
Ermolieva T, Ermoliev Y, Linnerooth-Bayer J, Galambos I (2001) The role of financial instruments in integrated catastrophic flood management. In: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference of the multinational financial society, Garda, Italy
Froot K (1997) The limited financing of catastrophe risk: an overview. Harvard Business School and National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge
Giarini O, Louberg H (1978) The diminishing returns of technology. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Gilber C, Gouy C (1998) Flood management in France. In: Rosenthal U, Hart P’t (eds) Flood response and crisis management in Western Europe: a comparative analysis. Springer, Berlin
Ginsburg V, Keyzer M (1997) The structure of applied general equilibrium models. The MIT Press, Cambridge
Grandell J (1991) Aspects of risk theory. Probability and its applications. Springer, New York/Berlin/Heidelberg
Insurance Service Office (1994) The impact of catastrophes on property insurance. Insurance Service Office, New York
Jobst N, Zenios S (2001) The tail that wags the dog: integrating credit risk in asset portfolios. J Risk Finance http://www.algorithmics.com/en/media/pdfs/thetailthatwagsthedog.pdf. Accessed Feb 2012
Konno H, Yamazaki H (1991) Mean absolute deviation portfolio optimization model and its application to Tokyo stock market. Manag Sci 37:519–531
Kunreuther H, Roth R (1998) Paying the price: the status and role of insurance against natural disasters in the United States. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC
Linnerooth-Bayer J, Amendola A (2000) Global change, catastrophic risk and loss spreading. GENEVA PAP Risk Insur 25(2):203–219
MacKellar L, Ermolieva T (1999) The IIASA social security project multiregional economic-demographic growth model: policy background and algebraic structure. International Institute Applied Systems Analysis, interim report IR-99-007, Laxenburg, Austria
Markowitz H (1987) Mean variance analysis in portfolio choice and capital markets. Blackwell, Oxford
Munich Re (2009) Topics geo. Natural catastrophes 2008. Analyses, assessments, positions. Munich Reinsurance Company, Munich
Munich Re (2011a) Half-year natural catastrophe review: USA. Munich Reinsurance Company, Munich
Munich Re (2011b) Topics geo. Natural catastrophes 2010: analyses, assessments, positions. Munich Reinsurance Company, Munich. http://www.munichre.com/publications/302-06735_en.pdf
National Research Council (1999) National disaster losses: a framework for assessment. Committee on Assessing the Costs of Natural Disasters. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Petrini V (1995) Pericolosità Sismica e Prime Valutazioni di Rischio in Toscana. CNR/IRRS, Milan
Pollner J (2000) Catastrophe risk management: using alternative risk financing and insurance pooling mechanisms. Finance, private sector & infrastructure sector unit, Caribbean Country Department, Latin America and the Caribbean region. Worldbank Technical Paper, World Bank, p 495
Pugh EL (1966) A gradient technique of adaptive Monte Carlo. SIAM Rev 8(3):346–355
Rockafellar T, Uryasev S (2000) Optimization of conditional value-at-risk. J Risk 2(3):21–41
Rozzenberg V, Ermolieva T, Blizorukova M (2001) Modeling earthquakes via computer programs. International Institute Applied Systems Analysis, interim report IR-01-068, Laxenburg, Austria
Schiermeier Q (2006) Insurers’ disaster files suggest climate is culprit. Nature 441:674–675
Stone JM (1973) A theory of capacity and the insurance of catastrophe risks. J Risk Insur 40:231–244, 339–355
Walker G (1997) Current developments in catastrophe modelling. In: Britton NR, Oliver J (eds) Financial risk management for natural catastrophes. Griffith University, Brisbane, pp 17–35
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ermolieva, T., Ermoliev, Y. (2013). Modeling Catastrophe Risk for Designing Insurance Systems. In: Amendola, A., Ermolieva, T., Linnerooth-Bayer, J., Mechler, R. (eds) Integrated Catastrophe Risk Modeling. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2226-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2225-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2226-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)