Analog Electronic Filters pp 389-439 | Cite as
Second Order Functions and Circuits
Chapter
- 3.1k Downloads
Abstract
Second order circuits, i.e. circuits with second order transfer functions play a significant role in active filter design. Second order circuits are usually referred to as biquads and can be implemented using one ore more operational amplifiers. The lowpass, highpass, bandpass and band-reject second order functions are examined and the most popular and useful circuits that realize such functions are presented together with their design equations.
Keywords
Transfer Function Operational Amplifier Pole Frequency Magnitude Frequency Response Voltage Transfer Function
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References1
- 1.Antoniou, A.: Realization of gyrators using operational amplifiers and their use in RC-Active network synthesis. Proc. IEEE 116, 1838–1850 (1969) Google Scholar
- 2.Bainter, J.R.: Active filter has stable notch and response can be regulated. Electronics 115–117 (1975) Google Scholar
- 3.Boctor, S.A.: Single amplifier functionally tunable low-pass notch filter. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-2, 875–881 (1975) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Chen, W.-K.: Passive, Active and Digital Filters. The Circuits and Filters Handbook, vol. V. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009) Google Scholar
- 5.Deliyannis, T.: High-Q factor circuit with reduced sensitivity. Electron. Lett. 4, 567 (1968) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Deliyannis, T., Sun, Y., Fidler, J.K.: Continuous-Time Active Filter Design. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1999) Google Scholar
- 7.Graeme, J.G., Tobey, G.E., Huelsman, L.P.: Operational Amplifiers. McGraw-Hill, New York (1971) Google Scholar
- 8.Huelsman, L.P.: Active and Passive Analog Filter Design. McGraw-Hill, New York (1993), pp. 335–342 Google Scholar
- 9.Kerwin, W.J., Huelsman, L.P., Newcomb, R.W.: State variable synthesis for insensitive integrated circuit transfer functions. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-2, 87–92 (1967) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Mitra, S.K.: A network transformation for active RC networks. Proc. IEEE 55, 2021–2022 (1967) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Sallen, R.P., Key, E.L.: A practical method of designing RC active filters. IRE Trans. Circuit Theory CT-2, 74–85 (1955) Google Scholar
- 12.Saraga, W.: Sensitivity of 2-nd order Sallen-key-type active RC filters. IEE Electron. Lett. 3, 442–444 (1971) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Schaumann, R., Van Valkenburg, M.E.: Design of Analog Filters. Oxford University Press, London (2001) Google Scholar
- 14.Thomas, L.C.: The biquad part I, some practical design considerations. IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory CT-18, 350–357 (1971) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Tow, J.: Design formulas for active RC filters using operational amplifiers. Electron. Lett. 5, 339–341 (1969) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Van Valkenburg, M.E.: Analog Filter Design. Oxford University Press, London (1982) Google Scholar
- 17.Williams, A., Taylor, F.: Electronic Filter Design Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York (2006) Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012