Abstract
This chapter examines the most salient changes and reforms introduced in Higher Education Institutions in Portugal between 1974 and 2009. In particular, it attends to those which had impact on, and consequence for, governance and authority structures as well as on the patterns of institutional management. Attention is paid to the institutional responses to these reforms, for such responses entail the recontextualisation of public policies by the various educational organisations involved, not to mention the possible resistance shown by the actors.
Following a sociological approach to educational organisations, the analyses are based on the hypothesis that in each of the chronological phases mentioned earlier, higher education institutions in Portugal are better interpreted by referring to different metaphors and images of organisation, to faces or models of educational management. This approach, which is marked by theoretical pluralism, opens the way for using various models of analysis to combine different organisational images and metaphors and for stressing the increasing relevance of the concept of hyper-bureaucracy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Amaral, A. (2008). A reforma do ensino superior português. In A. Amaral (Ed.), Políticas de ensino superior. Quatro temas em debate (pp. 17–37). Lisboa: Conselho Nacional de Educação.
Amaral, A., & Magalhães, A. M. (2001). On markets, autonomy and regulation: The Janus-head revisited. Higher Education Policy, 14, 7–20.
Amaral, A., Magalhães, A. M., & Santiago, R. (2003). The rise of academic managerialism in Portugal. In A. Amaral, V. L. Meek, & I. M. Larsen (Eds.), The higher education managerial revolution? (pp. 131–153). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Bacharach, S. B., & Mundell, B. (1993). Organisational politics in schools: Micro, macro, and logics of action. Educational Administration Quarterly, 29, 423–452.
Baldridge, J. V. (1971). Power and conflict in the university. Research in the sociology of complex organisations. New York: Wiley.
Baldridge, J. V., Curtis, D. V., Ecker, G., & Riley, G. L. (1978). Policy making and effective leadership. A national study of academic management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Ball, S. (1987). The Micropolitics of the school: Towards a theory of school organisation. London: Methuen.
Barnard, C. I. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Brunsson, N., & Olsen, J. P. (1993). The reforming organisation. London: Routledge.
Bush, T. (1995). Theories of educational management (2nd ed.). London: Paul Chapman.
Clarke, J., & Newman, J. (1997). The managerial state. Power, politics and ideology in the remaking of social welfare. London: Sage.
CNE. Conselho Nacional de Educação. (2008). Parecer sobre as alterações introduzidas no ensino superior (Parecer nº 7/2008). Diário da República, 2ª série, N. 227, 21 de Novembro de 2008.
Cohen, M. D., & March, J. G. (1974). Leadership and ambiguity. The American college president. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organisational choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(1), 1–25.
Crespo, V. (2003). Ganhar Bolonha, ganhar o futuro. O ensino superior no espaço europeu. Lisboa: Gradiva.
De Boer, H. (2003). Who’s afraid of red, yellow and blue? The colourful world of management reforms? In A. Amaral, V. L. Meek, & I. M. Larsen (Eds.), The higher education managerial revolution? (pp. 89–108). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Drucker, P. F. (1967). The effective executive. London: William Heinemann.
El-Khawas, E. (2003). Governance in US universities. Aligning internal dynamics with today’s needs. In A. Amaral, G. A. Jones, & B. Karseth (Eds.), Governing higher education: National perspectives on institutional governance (pp. 261–278). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Ellström, P.-E. (1983). Four faces of educational organisations. Higher Education, 12, 231–241.
ENQA. (2006). Quality assurance of higher education in Portugal. An assessment of the existing system and recommendations for a future system. Occasional papers, 10. Helsinki: European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education.
Fergusson, R. (1994). Managerialism in education. In J. Clarke, A. Cochrane, & E. McLaughlin (Eds.), Managing social policy (pp. 93–114). London: Sage.
Galan, C. (2007). La liberalisation de l´enseignement supérieur au Japon. In C. Charle & C. Soulié (Eds.), Les ravages de la “modernisation” universitaire en Europe (pp. 231–249). Paris: Éditions Syllepse.
Grilo, E. M. (2005). Prefácio. In J. Pedrosa & J. F. Queiró (Eds.), Governar a universidade portuguesa. Missão, organização, funcionamento e autonomia (pp. VII–XIV). Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Le Gall, B., & Soulié, C. (2007). Massification, professionnalisation, réforme du gouvernement des universitiés et actualisation du conflit des facultés en France. In C. Charle & C. Soulié (Eds.), Les ravages de la “modernisation” universitaire en Europe (pp. 163–208). Paris: Éditions Syllepse.
Likert, R. (1961). New patterns of management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lima, L. C. (1992). A escola como organização e a participação na organização escolar. Um estudo da escola secundária portuguesa (1974–1988). Braga: Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho.
Lima, L. C. (1997). O paradigma da educação contábil: políticas educativas e perspectivas gerencialistas no ensino superior em Portugal. Revista Brasileira de Educação, 4, 43–59.
Lima, L. C. (2006). Concepções de escola: para uma hermenêutica organizacional. In L. C. Lima (Ed.), Compreender a escola. Perspectivas de análise organizacional (pp. ed17–69). Porto: ASA.
Maassen, P. (2002). Organisational strategies and governance structures in Dutch universities. In A. Amaral, G. A. Jones, & B. Karseth (Eds.), Governing higher education: National perspectives on institutional governance (pp. 23–41). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Magalhães, A. M. (2004). A identidade do ensino superior. Política, conhecimento e educação numa época de transição. Lisboa: FCG/FCT.
Meyer, J., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalised organisations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
Mintzberg, H. (1985). The organisation as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133–154.
Miranda, J. (2008). Estatuto legal das instituições de ensino superior. In A. Amaral (Ed.), Políticas de ensino superior. Quatro temas em debate (pp. 107–121). Lisboa: Conselho Nacional de Educação.
Moreira, V. (2008). Estatuto legal das instituições de ensino superior. In A. Amaral (Ed.), Políticas de ensino superior. Quatro temas em debate (pp. 123–139). Lisboa: Conselho Nacional de Educação.
Morgan, G. (1980). Paradigms, metaphors and puzzle solving in organisation theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(4), 605–622.
Morgan, G. (1986). Images of organisation. London: Sage.
Neave, G. (1992). War and educational reconstruction in Belgium, France and the Netherlands, 1940–1947. In Roy Lowe (Ed.), Education and the second world war. London: Falmer Press.
Newman, J., & Clarke, J. (1994). Going about our business? The managerialisation of public services. In J. Clarke, A. Cochrane, & E. McLaughlin (Eds.), Managing social policy (pp. 13–31). London: Sage.
OECD. (2006). Reviews of national politics for education. Tertiary education in Portugal. http://.mctes.pt/docs/ficheiros/OECD_124_paginas_pdf.
Partido Socialista (PS). (2005). Compromisso de governo para Portugal. http://inet.sitepac.pt/PSProgramaEleitoral2005.pdf
Reed, M. I. (2002). New managerialism, professional power and organisational governance in UK universities: A review and assessment. In A. Amaral, G. A. Jones, & B. Karseth (Eds.), Governing higher education: National perspectives on institutional governance (pp. 163–211). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Ruegg, W. (2011). Themes. In W. Ruegg (Ed.), A history of the university in Europe, vol.4 Universities since 1945 (pp. 3–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Santiago, R., Magalhães, A. M., & Carvalho, T. (2005). O surgimento do managerialismo no sistema de ensino superior português. Lisboa: Fundação das Universidades Portuguesas/CIPES.
Santos, S. M. (1999). Contributos para o estudo do desenvolvimento da autonomia universitária em Portugal desde o 25 de Abril. Revista Portuguesa de Educação, 12(1), 7–29.
Schultheis, F., Roca i Escoda, M., & Cousin, P. F. (Eds.). (2008). Le cauchemar de Humboldt. Les reformes de l´enseignement supérieur européen. Paris: Raisons d´Agir.
Seixas, A. M. (2003). Políticas educativas e ensino superior em Portugal. Coimbra: Quarteto.
Silva, E. A. (2006). As perspectivas de análise burocrática e política. In L. C. Lima (Ed.), Compreender a escola. Perspectivas de análise organisacional (pp. 73–132). Porto: ASA.
Smyth, J. (Ed.). (1993). A socially critical view of the self-managing school. London: The Falmer Press.
Stoer, S. R. (1986). Educação e mudança social em Portugal. 1970–1980, uma década de transição. Porto: Afrontamento.
Tyler, W. (1988). School organisation: A sociological perspective. Kent: Croom Helm.
Weber, M. (1964). The theory of social and economic organisation. New York: The Free Press.
Weick, K. E. (1976). Educational organisations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1), 1–19.
Whitty, G., Power, S., & Halpin, D. (1998). Devolution & choice in education. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lima, L.C. (2011). Patterns of Institutional Management: Democratisation, Autonomy and the Managerialist Canon. In: Neave, G., Amaral, A. (eds) Higher Education in Portugal 1974-2009. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2135-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2135-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2134-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2135-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)