Abstract
Extinction describes the decrease of a conditioned behavior after reinforcement has failed. This paper discusses studies on extinction in harnessed honey bees with the aim of understanding the relevance of this learning phenomenon for the natural behavior of free-flying honey bees. It has been demonstrated that the reward memory is crucial to the extinction outcome and that the memory phase during which the reward memory is extinguished is critical. Based on these considerations we suggest that extinction plays a role in the adaptive behavior of foraging honey bees to variable food sources.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- PER:
-
Proboscis extension reflex
- CR:
-
Conditioned response
- CS:
-
Conditioned stimulus
- US:
-
Unconditioned stimulus
References
Bitterman ME, Menzel R, Fietz A, Schäfer S (1983) Classical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees (Apis mellifera). J Comp Psychol 97(2):107–119
Bouton ME (2002) Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biol Psychiatry 52(10):976–986
Bouton ME, Moody EW (2004) Memory processes in classical conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28(7):663–674
Couvillon PA, Bitterman ME (1980) Some phenomena of associative learning in honeybees. J Comp Physiol Psychol 94:878–885
Couvillon PA, Bitterman ME (1984) The overlearning-extinction effect and successive negative contrast in honeybees (Apis mellifera). J Comp Psychol 98(1):100–109
Dudai Y (2004) The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram? Annu Rev Psychol 55:51–86
Dudai Y, Eisenberg M (2004) Rites of passage of the engram: reconsolidation and the lingering consolidation hypothesis. Neuron 44(1):93–100
Eisenhardt D, Menzel R (2007) Extinction learning, reconsolidation and the internal reinforcement hypothesis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 87(2):167–173
Friedrich A, Thomas U, Müller U (2004) Learning at different satiation levels reveals parallel functions for the cAMP-protein kinase A cascade in formation of long-term memory. J Neurosci 24(18):4460–4468
Gil M, De Marco RJ (2009) Honeybees learn the sign and magnitude of reward variations. J Exp Biol 212(17):2830–2834
Gil M, De Marco RJ, Menzel R (2007) Learning reward expectations in honeybees. Learn Mem 14(7):491–496
Greggers U, Mauelshagen J (1997) Matching behavior of honeybees in a multiple-choice situation: the differential effect of environmental stimuli on the choice process. Anim Learn Behav 25(4):458–472
Greggers U, Menzel R (1993) Memory dynamics and foraging strategies of honeybees. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 32(1):17–29
Grünbaum L, Müller U (1998) Induction of a specific olfactory memory leads to a long-lasting activation of protein kinase C in the antennal lobe of the honeybee. J Neurosci 18(11):4384–4392
Hadar R, Menzel R (2010) Memory formation in reversal learning of the honeybee. Front Behav Neurosci 4:186
Hammer O (1949) Investigations on the nectar-flow of red clover. Oikos 1(1):34–47
Hammer M (1993) An identified neuron mediates the unconditioned stimulus in associative olfactory learning in honeybees. Nature 366(6450):59–63
Hourcade B, Muenz TS, Sandoz JC, Rössler W, Devaud JM (2010) Long-term memory leads to synaptic reorganization in the mushroom bodies: a memory trace in the insect brain? J Neurosci 30(18):6461–6465
Hussaini SA, Bogusch L, Landgraf T, Menzel R (2009) Sleep deprivation affects extinction but not acquisition memory in honeybees. Learn Mem 16(11):698–705
Menzel R (1968) Das Gedächtnis der Honigbiene für Spektralfarben I. Kurzzeitiges und langzeitiges Behalten. Z vergl Physiol 60:82–102
Menzel R (1990) Learning, memory, and “cognition” in honey bees. In: Kesner RP, Olton DS (eds) Neurobiology of comparative cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, pp 237–292
Menzel R (1999) Memory dynamics in the honeybee. J Comp Physiol A 185(4):323–340
Menzel R, Manz G, Menzel R, Greggers U (2001) Massed and spaced learning in honeybees: the role of CS, US, the intertrial interval, and the test interval. Learn Mem 8(4):198–208
Moore D, Van Nest BN, Seier E (2011) Diminishing returns: the influence of experience and environment on time-memory extinction in honey bee foragers. J Comp Physiol A 197(6):641–651
Müller U (2002) Learning in honeybees: from molecules to behaviour. Zoology (Jena) 105(4):313–320
Myers KM, Davis M (2002) Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron 36(4):567–584
Nader K (2003) Memory traces unbound. Trends Neurosci 26(2):65–72
Núñez J (1977) Nectar flow by melliferous flora and gathering flow by Apis mellifera ligustica. J Insect Physiol 23(2):265–275
Pape HC, Pare D (2010) Plastic synaptic networks of the amygdala for the acquisition, expression, and extinction of conditioned fear. Physiol Rev 90(2):419–463
Pavlov IP (1927) Conditioned reflexes: an investigation of the activity of the cerebral cortex. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Percival MS (1946) Observations on the flowering and nectar secretion of Rubus fruticosus (Agg.). New Phytol 45(1):111–123
Rescorla R (1972) A theory of classical conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. In: Black P (ed) Classical conditioning II: current research and theory. Appleton, New York, pp 64–99
Sandoz JC, Pham-Delègue MH (2004) Spontaneous recovery after extinction of the conditioned proboscis extension response in the honeybee. Learn Mem 11(5):586–597
Sara SJ (2000) Retrieval and reconsolidation: toward a neurobiology of remembering. Learn Mem 7(2):73–84
Schwärzel M, Heisenberg M, Zars T (2002) Extinction antagonizes olfactory memory at the subcellular level. Neuron 35(5):951–960
Stollhoff N, Eisenhardt D (2009) Consolidation of an extinction memory depends on the unconditioned stimulus magnitude previously experienced during training. J Neurosci 29(30):9644–9650
Stollhoff N, Menzel R, Eisenhardt D (2005) Spontaneous recovery from extinction depends on the reconsolidation of the acquisition memory in an appetitive learning paradigm in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). J Neurosci 25(18):4485–4492
Wüstenberg D, Gerber B, Menzel R (1998) Short communication: long- but not medium-term retention of olfactory memories in honeybees is impaired by actinomycin D and anisomycin. Eur J Neurosci 10(8):2742–2745
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eisenhardt, D. (2012). Extinction Learning in Honey Bees. In: Galizia, C., Eisenhardt, D., Giurfa, M. (eds) Honeybee Neurobiology and Behavior. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2099-2_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2099-2_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2098-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2099-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)