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Mechanical Stretching of Cells of Different Tissues: The Role of Mediators of Innate Immunity

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Mechanical Stretch and Cytokines

Part of the book series: Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues ((MECT,volume 5))

Abstract

The current review describes the modern conce of how the mechanical stretch (MS) affects cytokine and chemokine production by the cells of different tissues (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and pulmonary cells). Released mediators regulate cell functions such as synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteins, proliferation, apoptosis and others, in autocrine or paracrine manner. Endogenous cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and others) produced in myocardium in response to mechanical stretch (MS) may trigger pathological processes resulting in myocyte growth, apotosis and formation of reactive fibrosis. Mechanical load is associated with increase in tissue volume and tissue remodeling. This review provides data about changes in expression of cytokine receptors expression, as well as receptors of innate immunity (TLRs), in response to MS. TLR4 is expressed on the surface of cells of the heart, including cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Cyclic MS enhances expression of TLR4 in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Excessive MS may result in alterations of cell structure and functions, composition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and promote development of pathological conditions such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, etc. Searching for drugs with targeted action working at the extracellular, membrane and intracellular levels and which will improve the consequences of excessive MS is of undoubted interest and is actual for the treatment of many human pathologies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 09-04-01277-a). AK’s Department was supported by Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The Order of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 743 from 01 July 2010, Supplement, Event 4.4, the Period of Financing 2010–2019.

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  1. Department of Immunology & Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian State Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    Leonid V. Kovalchuk

  2. Department of Immunology, Russian State Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    Marina V. Khoreva & Anna Nikonova

  3. Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian State Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    Viktor E. Kazanski, Ilya Lozinsky, Irina N. D’iakonova & Andre Kamkin

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  1. Leonid V. Kovalchuk
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  2. Marina V. Khoreva
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Correspondence to Leonid V. Kovalchuk .

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  1. Dept. Fundamental &, Applied Physiology, Russian State Medical University, Ostrovitjanova Str. 1, Moskva, 117997, Russian Federation

    Andre Kamkin

  2. , Department of Fundamental and Applied Ph, Russian State Medical University, Ostrovitjanova Str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

    Irina Kiseleva

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Kovalchuk, L.V. et al. (2012). Mechanical Stretching of Cells of Different Tissues: The Role of Mediators of Innate Immunity. In: Kamkin, A., Kiseleva, I. (eds) Mechanical Stretch and Cytokines. Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2004-6_2

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