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Evidence-based Anticancer Materia Medica for Lung Cancer

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Materia Medica for Various Cancers

Part of the book series: Evidence-based Anticancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine ((ACAM,volume 2))

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Abstract

Lung cancer is the top cancer killer worldwide. It can be divided into two main types: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Depending on the disease stage, modern treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that smoking and environmental exposure to carcinogens are closely related to lung cancer. Since there is overlap between the genetic alterations that underlie human and mouse lung tumorigenesis, mouse lung tumor model has been used for preclinical screening of chemopreventive agents. Despite the encouraging preclinical data, the results of large chemoprevention trials evaluating primary, secondary and tertiary prevention have been discouraging. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on herbal medicine as adjuvant to lung cancer treatment reveal that astragalus could be a promising herb for platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the detailed mechanism is still lacking. So far, the most widely studied anticancer mechanisms by herbal medicine are cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. In addition, there is still a big gap between the defined biomarkers identified in preclinical and clinical work. Attempts to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicine are much more challenging than any single chemopreventive agent, as herbal medicine is a complex mixture of compounds. We believe that multiple mechanisms are involved for the anticancer activities. In order to provide evidence-based anticancer herbal medicine for human lung cancer, several other issues need to be addressed in future experimental studies before translation into human clinical trials. These include the approaches taken to study mechanism of action, investigation on the bioavailability of the herbal medicine, and correlation of the biomarkers to the anticancer activities. The herb-drug interaction with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer is also reviewed.

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Acknowledgments

We thank John Wiley & Sons to grant permission to reproduce some of the figures in articles by Jemal et al. 2010 and 2011. We also thank Bentham Science Publishers to grant the permission to use the table by Yap et al. 2010.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA

    Constance L. L. Saw

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    Lita S. J. Chew

  3. Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore

    Lita S. J. Chew

  4. The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA

    Xiaofeng G. Cai

Authors
  1. Constance L. L. Saw
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  2. Lita S. J. Chew
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  3. Xiaofeng G. Cai
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Correspondence to Constance L. L. Saw .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Clinical Oncology, Room 1305, 13/F, Block R, Gascoigne Road 30, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, People's Republic

    William C.S. Cho

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Saw, C.L.L., Chew, L.S.J., Cai, X.G. (2012). Evidence-based Anticancer Materia Medica for Lung Cancer. In: Cho, W. (eds) Materia Medica for Various Cancers. Evidence-based Anticancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1983-5_1

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