Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Applied Pollination: Present Scenario

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pollination Biology

  • 5163 Accesses

Abstract

Production of cross-pollinated crops can be increased considerably in areas where there is a dearth of natural pollinators by brining pollinators like domesticated bees to the crop when it is in bloom. This practice has yielded excellent results and the techniques is widely used in advanced countries to enhance production, particularly of self-sterile crop varieties; and significant investment is made in research in evolving more efficient techniques as well as pollinators.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrol DP (1985) Analysis of biophysical interactions in causing forgaing behaviour of some bees-a study in bioenergetics. PhD thesis, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 286pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1988a) Ecology and behaviour of three bee species pollinating loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindley). Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad 54 B:161–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1988b) Insect pollination studies in Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.). Curr Sci 57(7):397–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1989a) Studies on abundance, diversity, behaviour and importance of native pollinators for crop production. Korean J Apic 4(2):25–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1989b) Insect pollinators of cherry (Prunus avium L.). J Anim Morphol Physiol 36(2):243–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1989c) Studies on ecology and behaviour of insect pollinators frequenting strawberry blossoms and their impact on yield and fruit quality. Trop Ecol 30(1):96–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1996) Sunflower pollination: abundance and diversity of pollinating insects and their effect on seed yield. Indian Bee J 58(2):60–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (1997) Bees and beekeeping in India. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, 450pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2000) Insect pollinators of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Indian Bee J 62(3–4):55–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2005) Foraging ecology of insect pollinators visiting cherry flowers and their impact on fruit production. Korean J Apic 20(2):159–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2006a) Diversity of pollinating insects visiting litchi flowers (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and path analysis of environmental factors influencing foraging behaviour of four honeybee species. J Apic Res Bee World 45(4):180–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2006b) Factors influencing flight activity of Apis florea F, an important pollinator of Daucus carota L. J Apic Res Bee World 45(2):2–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2009) Bees and Beekeeping in India. 2nd Edition Kalyani Publishers Ludhiana, India, 719 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2010a) Megascolia flavifrons – an unusual pollinator of onion flowers. Adv Pollen Spore Res 28:51–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP (2010b) Foraging behaviour of Apis florea F., an important pollinator of Allium cepa L. J Apic Res Bee World 49(4):318–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP, Kapil RP (1988) Pollination studies in Crotolaria Juncea L. Sci Cult 54(7):243–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP, Kumar A (2009) Foraging activity of Apis species on strawberry blossoms as influenced by pesticides. Pak Entomol 31(1):57–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP, Bhat AA (1990) Studies on `Thai sac brood virus’ affecting indigenous honeybee Apis cerana indica Fab. colonies – prospects and future strategies - I.Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology 37(1/2):101–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP, Bhat AA, Khan AR (1990) Factors affecting pollination activity of honeybees and fruit set in almond. In: Veeresh GK, Kumar ARV, Shivashankar T (eds) Social insects: an Indian perspective. ISUSI-Indian, Bangalore, pp 50–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrol DP, Sharma D, Monobrullah M (2005) Abundance and diversity of pollinating insects ­visiting peach and plum flowers and their impact on fruit production. SKUAST J Res 4(1):38–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Adlakha RL, Dhaliwal HS (1979) Insect pollination of seed cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) with particular reference to the role of honeybees. Indian Bee J 41(1/2):13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Afzal M, Khan H (1950) Natural crossing in cotton in western Punjab. Agron J 42:14–19, 89–93, 202–205, 236–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Afzal M, Trought T (1934) Motes in cotton. I. Punjab-American cotton. Indian J Agric Sci 4:554–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahn SB, Kim IS, Choi WS, Choi KM (1989) Survey on the use of honeybee pollination of strawberries grown in plastic greenhouse. Korean J Apic 4(1):1–8 (Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar AR (1932) Studies in Indian Brassicas. I. Sterility and selective pollen tube growth. Indian J Agric Sci 2:280–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam MZ, Quadir MA, Ali M (1987a) Pollinating behaviour of honeybee, Apis indica F. and its influence on seed production of cauliflower. Bangladesh Hortic 15(1):25–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam MZ, Quadir MA, Ali M (1987b) Effect of bee pollination on seed production of carrot, Daucus carota L. Bangladesh J Bot 16(2):199–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Annand PN (1926) Thysanoptera and the pollination of flowers. Am Nat 60:177–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1954) Honeybees and the seed production of Chinese milk vetch. Gifu Agr Expt Sta Bull, 11pp (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Atwal AS (1970) Biology, ecology and utilization of insects other than Honeybees in the pollination of crops. Final Research Report (1965–1970) PL-480 Project, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, 115pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Badiyala SD, Garg R (1990) Studies on the pollination and fruit production by Apis mellifera l. in seven cultivars of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.). Indian Bee J 52(1–4):28–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbier EC, Abid M (1966) Pollination and seed formation in sunflower. Al Awamia 21:63–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroga SF (1964) Progress report on the study of insects, particularly midges associated with pollination of Theobroma Cacao, April 1963. Philipp J Plant Ind 29(3/4):123–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhalla OP, Verma AK, Dhaliwal HS (1983a) Foraging activity of insect pollinators visiting stone fruits. J Entomol Res 7:91–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhalla OP, Verma AK, Dhaliwal HS (1983b) Foraging activity of insect pollinators visiting stone fruits. J Entomol Res 7(2):91–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhambure CS (1958a) Effect of honeybee activity on niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass) seed production. Indian Bee J 20:189–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhambure CS (1958b) Further studies on the importance of honeybees in pollination of cucurbitaceae. Indian Bee J 20(10):148–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya P, Samuli RC, Ghos MR, Dasgupta SK, Roy A (1982) Sunflower seed yield as influenced by pollination and insect pests. In: Proceedings of the 10th international sunflower conference, Sulfers Paradise, pp 132–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisht DS, Naim M, Mehrotra KN (1980) Studies on the role of honeybee in rapeseed production. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, New Delhi, pp 491–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Brar JS, Nandpuri KS (1969) Study on floral biology of Cucurbita pepo Linn. J Res Ludhiana (Supplement) 6(3):186–792

    Google Scholar 

  • Brar HS, Jhaji HS, Gatoria GS (1992) Abundance and activity of the bee visitors of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and role of Apis mellifera L. in its pollination. Indian Bee J 54(1–4):76–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Capinpin JM, Alviar MA (1949) Hetrosis in eggplant. Philipp Agric 33:126–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandran K, Rajan P, Joseph D, Suryanarayana MC (1980) Studies on the role of honeybees in the pollination of cardamom. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, New Delhi, pp 497–504

    Google Scholar 

  • Channabasavanna GP (1979) Role of insect pollinators in sunflower production. Curr Res 8(1):1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi RB (1965) Preliminary studies in the sex distribution, pollination and fruit development in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Allahabad Farmer 39(2):49–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary B, Choomsai MLA, Menon MGA (1973) Insect pollination in some vegetable crops. Haryana J Hortic Sci 2(1/2):56–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Chavan VM (1961) Niger and safflower. Indian Central Oilseed Company, Hyderabad, 150pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheema GS, Dani PG (1929) Seedlessness in papayas. Agric J India 26(3):206–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury JB, Mehta RK, Joshi AB (1966) Pollination in berseem. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 26:118–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Das CS, Choudhary R (1958) Floral biology of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). South Indian Hortic 6(1):17–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Delaplane KS, Mayer DF (2000) Crop pollination by bees. CABI Publication, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Deodikar GB, Suryanarayana MC (1972) Crop yields and bee pollination. Indian Bee J 34:53–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Deodikar GB, Seethalakshmi VS, Suryanaryana MC (1976) Flower biology of sunflower with special reference to honeybees. J Palynol 12(1/2):115–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Deshmukh SD (1977) Effects of bee visits and climate on sunflower pollination. Sci Cult 43(12):543–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhaliwal JS (1975) Insect pollination in ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.). Curr Sci 44(14):527

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhaliwal JS, Atwal AS (1976) Note on the effect of air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity on bees visiting berseem at Ludhiana. Indian J Agric Sci 46(1):50–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhoble YS, Shinde YM (1982) Role of insect pollinators for effective seed setting in sunflower. J Maharastra Agric Univ 7(1):103

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinakaran M, Sundaraj DD (1960) Preliminary studies on chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) with special reference to floral biology. S Indian Hortic 8(1/2):23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Divan VV, Salvi SR (1965) Some interesting behavioual features of Apis dorsata Fab. Indian Bee J 27(1):52

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey RS, Singh SP (1968) Note on stigma receptivity in kenaf. Indian J Agric Sci 38(1):195–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Free JB (1993) Insect pollination of crops, 2nd edn. Academic, New York, p 684

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukae Y, Hamachi F, Tsujikava Y (1987) A detailed analysis of the effect of honeybee introductions on the pollination of persimmons. Honeybee Sci 8(4):167–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnanaratnam JK (1954) Pollination mechanism of cacao flower. Trop Agric (Ceylon) 110:98–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyal NP, Atwal AS (1975) Studies on the relation of the population of insect pollinators with seed production in lucerne (Medicago sativa), Indian J Ecol 2:58–61. Keywords: bee botany, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyal NP, Singh M, Kandoria JL (1989) Role of insect pollination on seed production in carrot, Daucus carota L. Indian Bee J 51(3):89–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Grewal GS, Sidhu AS (1978) Insect pollinators of some cucurbits in Punjab. Indian J Agric Sci 48(2):79–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Grewal GS, Sidhu AS (1979) Note on the role of bees in the pollination of Cucurbita pepo. Indian J Agric Sci 49(5):386–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Grewal GS, Sidhu AS (1980) Studies on insect pollination in Cucumis melo Linn. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, New Delhi, pp 527–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Grewal GS, Singh G (1979) Notes on insect pollinators of sunhemp in Punjab. Indian J Agric Sci 49(10):822–824

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardon JJ, Turner PD (1967) Observations on natural pollination in commercial plantings of oil palm (Elacis guineensis) in Malaya. Exp Agric 3(2):105–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayase H (1954) Cucurbita-crosses. Iv. The development of squash fruit as affected by placement of pollen on stigma. Hokkaido Nat Agric Stn Res B 64:22–25 (In Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heide FFR (1923) Biological observations of Arachis hypogea L. (Dutch East Indies). Alg Proefsta V Landb Meded 14:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry AW, Chin Tu (1928) Natural crossing in flax. Am Soc Agron J 20:1183–1192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howard A, Howard GLC, Rahman KA (1919) Studies in the pollination of Indian crop. Indian Dept Agric Mem Bot Serv 7:214–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim AG (1987) Effects of insects pollinators on fruit set of cocoa flowers. In: Proceedings of the 10th international cocoa research conference, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, pp 303–306, 17–23 May 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyer CPA, Randhawa GS (1965) Hybridization studies in grapes: investigations on the direct influence of pollen on some fruit and seed characters. Indian J Hortic 22(2):107–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Jadhav LD (1981) Role of insects in the pollination of onion (Allium cepa) in the Maharastra state, India. Indian Bee J 43(3):61–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Janki RP, Singh R, Prakash R, Haque MF (1968) Floral biology of cotton (Gossypium spp.). Indian J Agric Sci 38(3):528–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Jitendra Mohan KV (1973) Some observations on the bee pollination in sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea) and their importance in breeding work. Jute Bull 35:214–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakizaki Y (1922) Self-sterility in Chinese cabbage. J Hered 13:374–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakizaki Y (1931) Hybrid vigor in egg-plant and its practical utilization. Genetics 16:1–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakkar KL (1980) Prospects of bees as pollinating agents of cauliflower. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, New Delhi, pp 545–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamato K, Yoshida M, Kurihara A, Makino Y (1967) Studies on pollen sterility of peach Hiratsuka Hort. Res Stn Bull Ser A 6:91–104 (In Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanwar SM (1987) Fruit bud formation, pollination and fruit set. In: Apples production technology and economic. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New York, pp 151–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapil RP, Jain KL (1980) Biology and utilization of insect pollinators for crop production. Final Tech Report, Department of Zoology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 81pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapil RP, Kumar S (1975) Foraging activity of Apis dorsata Fab. on Brassica juncea Hook and Thomas. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 71(2):327–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapil RP, Grewal GS, Kumar S, Atwal AS (1970) Role of Ceratina binghami CKII in seed setting of setting of Medicago sativa L. Indian J Entomol 32:335–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapil RP, Grewal GS, Kumar S, Atwal AS (1971) Insect pollinators of rape seed and mustard. Indian J Entomol 33(1):61–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapil RP, Grewal GS, Kumar S, Atwal AS (1974) Insect pollinators of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Indian J Entomol 36(3):214–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Katayama E (1987) Utilization of honeybees as pollinators for strawberries in plastic greenhouse in Tochigi Prefecture. Honeybee Sci 8(4):147–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalifman IA (1959) Heterosis in plants as the after-effects of pollination by bees (Hysteresis). Bee World 40:303–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan KSAH (1929) Pollination and fruit formation in Litchi. Agric J India 24:183–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan KSAR (1930) Some observations on the pollination of peaches (Prunus persica Benth. and Hook.) Agr Jour India 25(6):492–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan H, Afzal M (1950) Vicinism in cotton. Indian Cotton Grow Rev 4(4):227–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan BM, Shahid M, Choudhary MI (1916) Effect of honeybee pollination on fruit – setting and yield of loquat. Pak J For 36(2):73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidavu MG, Nambiyar EK (1925) Pollination in coconut. Madras Dept Agric Yearbook 1925:43–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar J, Rao KVK (1991) Pollinating efficiency of some bees visitors to the carrot (Daucus carota L.) crop in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh (India). Indian Bee J 53(1–4):34–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar J, Mishra RC, Gupta JK (1985) The effect of mode of pollination on Allium species with observations on insects as pollinators. J Apic Res 24(1):62–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar J, Rao KVK, Gupta PR, Dogra GS (1989) Temporal distribution of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) on spring flowering crops in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Bee J 51(2):55–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif A (1956) Role of Apis indica F. in the pollination of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum Linn.). Pak J Sci Res 8(1):48–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif A, Qayyum A, Abbas M (1960) The role of Apis indica in the pollination of (oil seeds) “Toria” and “Sarson” (Brassica campestris var. Toria and Dichotoma). Bee World 41:283–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhusoodanan KJ, Dandin SB (1981) Flower biology of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) in relation to the foraging behaviour of honeybees (Apis spp.). Indian Bee J 43(4):104–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahadevan V, Chandy KC (1959) Preliminary studies on the increase in cotton yield due to honeybee pollination. Madras Agric J 47:23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann GS, Singh G (1981a) A note on activity and abundance of flower visiting insects of peach (Prunus persica L.) at Ludhiana (Punjab). Prog Hortic 13(3/4):25–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann GS, Singh G (1981b) Activity and abundance of flower visiting insects of almond (Prunus amygdalus Matsch) at Ludhiana (Punjab). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 78(3):617–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann GS, Tanda AS (1984) Activity and abundance of insects visiting grape flowers in Punjab (India). In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, Nairobi, p 139

    Google Scholar 

  • Matta DN, Dave BE (1931) Studies in Cajanus indicus. Indian Dept Agric Mem Bot 19:1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattu VK, Chaudhary DK, Kumar L (1994) Foraging ecology of Apis cerana F. and Apis mellifera L. in pollinating stone fruit. Pest Manag Econ Zool 2(1):35–39

    Google Scholar 

  • McGregor SE (1976) Insect pollination of cultivated crop plants. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Handbook, Washington, p 496

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra RC, Gupta JK (1987) Effect of modes of pollination on fruit characteristics of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L,) moench. Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad 53 B(2):157–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammad A (1935) Pollination studies in toria (Brassica napus var. Dicchotoma prain), and sarson (B. campestris L. var. Sarson Prain). Indian J Agric Sci 5:125–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriya N, Ikeda J, Hoshino M (1956) Studies on the seed production of alfalfa. 2. Effect of rainfall on seed production. 3. Effect on nitrogen applied before and after the bud formation stage on flowering, pod and seed-setting. Proc Crop Sd Soc Jpn 25(2):111–112 (In Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muttoo RN (1952) Uttar Pradesh Government beekeeping station, Jeolikot, District Nainital, Uttar Pradesh - A summary of 14 years work (1938–1952), Indian Bee J 14:40–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Naik KC, Rao MM (1943) Studies on the blossom biology and pollination in mangoes (Mangifera indica L.). Indian J Hortic 1(2):107–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Naim M, Phadke KG (1976) Bee flora and seasonal activity of Apis cerana indica at Pusa (Bihar). Indian Bee J 38(1–4):13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakanishi T (1983) Preferences of honeybee foraging on male fertile and male-sterile flowers of Japanese apricote (Prunus nume). Honeybee Sci 4(1):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Nand D (1971) Pollination, fruit set and development in carambola (Averrhoa carambola Linn). Indian J Hortic 28:278–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Nandpuri KS, Brar JS (1966) Studies on floral biology in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). J Res Ludhiana 3(4):395–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan ES, Sharma PL, Phadke KG (1960) Studies on requirements of various crops for insect pollinators. I. Insect pollinators of saunf (Foeniculum vulgare) with particular reference to the honeybees at Pusa (Bihar). Indian Bee J 22(1/3):7–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan ES, Sharma PL, Phadke KG (1961) Studies on requirements of various crops for insect pollinators II. Insect pollinators of berseem-Egyptian clover (Trifolium alaxandrinum) (L.) with particular reference to honeybees and their role in seed setting. Indian Bee J 23(4/6):23–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Noda M (1987) Utilization of honeybees for the pollination of plum and pear, unattractive to ­honeybees, in Tokushima Prefecture. Honeybee Sci 8(4):159–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohbayashi N (1976) Protection and utilization of pollinators in watermelon: efficiency of honeybees in watermelon fields. Bull Kamagawa Hortic Exp Stn 23:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohsawa R, Namai H (1987) The effect of insect pollinators on pollination and seed setting in Brassica campestris cultivar Nozawana and Brassica juncea cultivar Kikarashina. Japanese Journal of Breeding 37:453–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Panchabhavi KS, Devaiah MA (1977) A note on the activities of insect pollinators on sunflower during winter and summer seasons at Bangalore. Curr Sci 6:88–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Panchabhavi KS, Devaiah MA, Channabasavanna GP (1976) The effect of keeping Apis cerana indica F colonies on the seed set of sunflowers, Helianthus annuus Linn. Mysore S Sci 10(4):631–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey RS, Yadava RPS (1970) Pollination of litchi (Litchi chinensis) by insects with special reference to honeybees. J Apic Res 9(2):103–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel JS (1938) The coconut: a monograph. Madras Government Press, Madras, 262 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattanshetti HV, Prasad ABN (1973) Bees help pollination of cardamom flowers. Curr Res 2(8):56–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattanshetti HV, Prasad ABN (1974) Exposing the cardamom panicles from a layer of leaf mulch to open pollination by bees and thereby improving the fruit set. Curr Sci 3(8):90

    Google Scholar 

  • Phadke KG, Naim M (1974) Observations on the honeybees visitation to the litchi (Nephelium Iitchi) blossoms at Pusa (Bihar, India). Indian Bee J 36(1–4):9–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Phoon AGG (1985) Pollination and fruit production of carambola, Averrhoa carambola, in Malaysia. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, Nairobi, pp 12–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Pion S, de Oliveira D, Paradis RO (1980) Agents pollinasateurs et productivite du fraisier ‘Redcoat’, Fragaria x ananassa Duch. Phytoprotection 61:72–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Purewal SS, Randhawa GE (1947) Studies on Hibiscus csculentus (Lady finger) (Okra) I. Chromosome and pollen studies. Indian J Agric Sci 17:129–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman KA (1940) Insect pollinators of toria (Brassica napus Linn. var. Dichotoma Prain) and sarson (B. campestris Linn. var. Sarson Prain) at Lyallpur. Indian J Agric Sci 10(3):422–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai KK, Gupta BP (1983) Role of honeybees and other insects as pollinators in apple and pear. Indian Bee J 45(2/3):56–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Rana RS, Verma LR, Mattu VK (1994) Foraging activity and abundance of insect pollinators on plum bloom. In: Pollination biology-environmental factors and pollination. Rajendra Scientific Publishers, Hisar, pp 20–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Randhawa GS, Yadav IS, Nath N (1963) Studies on flowering, pollination and fruit development in peach grown under subtropical conditions. Indian J Agric Sci 33(2):129–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao GM, Lazar M (1980) Studies on the behaviour and pollination on onion (Allium cepa L.). In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, New Delhi, pp 580–589

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao GM, Suryanarayana MC (1990) Studies on the foraging behaviour of honeybees and its effect on the seed yield in Niger. Indian Bee J 52(1–4):31–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao GM, Lazer M, Suryanarayana MC (1981) Foraging behaviour of honeybees in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian Bee J 43(4):97–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubik DW (1995) Pollination of cultivated plants in the tropics. FAO Agricultural Service Bulletin 118, FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Sagar P (1981) Role of insects in cross pollination of fennel crop at Ludhiana. S Res Ludhiana 18(4):388–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai T, Matsuka M (1988) Honeybee pollination in Japan, with special reference to strawberry production. Honeybee Sci 9(3):97–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakamori M, Yabe K, Osuka M (1977) Growing muskmelon with honeybee pollinators. Res Bull Aichi-ken Agric Res Centre 9:15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Sands WN (1928) The bitter-cucumber or peria. Malaya Agric 16(2):32

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen KRD, Afzal H (1937) Variation in the characters of cotton in relation to the position of boils on the plant. Indian J Agric Sci 7(1):35–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah RC, Patel RM (1966) Studies on pollination in cucurbitaceae. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 26(1):94–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma PL (1961) The honeybee (Apis indica) population among insects visiting temperate-zone fruit flowers and their role in setting fruit. Bee World 42:6–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma PL, Sharma BR (1968) Role of insects in the pollination of Daucus carota (carrots) and Beta vulgaris (Sugarbeet). Indian J Hortic 25(3/4):216

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma PL, Dhaliwal HS, Kakar KL (1974) Insect visitors and pollinators of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) seed crop bloom. Himachal J Agric Res 2(2):74–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelar DG, Suryanarayana MC (1981) Preliminary studies on pollination of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Indian Bee J 43(4):110–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelar DG, Suryanarayana MC (1983) Effect of pollination by honeybee (Apis cerana indica Fabricious) on the yield of lucerne. Indian J Agric Sci 53(3):190–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya T, Sato H, Suzuki M (1955) Morphological and physiological studies on subterranean fluctuation of legume-crops. Proc Crop Sci Soc Jpn 24:16–19, In Japanese, English Summary

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava U (1991) Insect pollination in some cucurbits. In: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium, Palm, pp 445–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava OS, Shrivastava GP (1986) Nocturnal pollination in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. In: Kapil RP (ed) Pollination biology: an analysis. Inter-India Publications, New Delhi, pp 59–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddappaji C, Channabasavanna GP (1980) Role of honeybees in the pollination of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L) Meton). In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on apiculture tropical climate, New Delhi, pp 640–648

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidhu AS, Singh S (1962) Role of honeybees in cotton production. Indian Cotton Grow Rev 16(1):18–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1982) Effect of competition with Parkinsonia aculeata L. on pollination and seed production in Medicago sativa L. Indian Bee J 44(4):89–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1985a) Floral biology, melittophily and pollination ecology of onion crop. In: Varghese TM (ed) Recent advances in pollen research. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, pp 277–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1985b) Floral biology, melittophily and pollination ecology of cultivated cruciferous crops. In: Varghese TM (ed) Recent advances in pollen research. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, pp 241–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1985c) Floral biology, melittophily and pollination ecology of cultivated umbelliferous crops. In: Varghese TM (ed) Recent advances in pollen research. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, pp 269–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1986) Insect pollination increases seed production in cruciferous and umbelliferous crops. J Apic Res 25(2):121–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1988) Characterization of the pollinators of cultivated cruciferous and leguminous crops of sub-tropical Hisar, India. Bee World 69(4):153–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1990) Behaviour and ecology of the sub-tropical carpenter bee, Xylocopa fenestrata F. 2. Host plant association. Indian Bee J 52(1–4):38–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1992) Utilization of waste stems of sarkandas and castor as nesting tunnels for culturing/keeping wild bee pollinators of some crops. Bioresour Technol 42:159–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC (1993) Behaviour and ecology of the subtropical carpenter bee, Xylocopa fenestrata F. 6. Crop hosts, foraging dynamics and pollination potential. J Apic Res 32(2):94–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC, Abrol DP (1986) Correlation and path coefficient analysis of environmental factors influencing flight activity of Apis florea F. J Apic Res 25:202–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag RC, Kaur G (1994) Floral biology, melittophily and pollination ecology of sunflower. In: Sihag RC (ed) Pollination biology: pollination plant reproduction and crop seed production. Rajendra Scientific Publishers, Hisar, pp 69–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Simura T, Oosone K (1956) Studies on the fertilization of the tea plant. Tkushugaku Zasshi – Jpn Jap J Breed 6:11–14 (In Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DP (1958) Rape and mustard. Indian Central Oilseed Committee, Gandhi Bhawan

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SN (1961) Studies on the morphology and viability of the pollen grains of mango. Hort Adv 5:121–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh LB (1969) Mango. In: Ferwerda FP, Wit F, Veenman FH, Zonen NV (eds) Outlines of perennial crop breeding in the tropics. Veenen and Zonen, Wageningen, pp 309–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh Y (1979) Pollination activity on strawberry at Jeolikot, District, Nainital, India. Indian Bee J 41(1/2):17–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh MP (1984) Studies on the activity of some insect pollinators on jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.). Entomon 9(3):177–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S (1988) Insect pollination studies on Almond. Ph.D. thesis, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh JP, Dharamwal SS (1970) The role of honeybees in seed setting of onion at Pantnagar, Distt. Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian Bee J 32(1/2):23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Mishra RC (1986) Flower visiting flies of fruits in Himachal Pradesh. Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad 52B(4):451–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh RN, Majumdar PK, Sharma DK (1962) Self-incompatibility in mango (Mangifera indica L. var. Dashehari). Curr Sci 31(5):209

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasalu N, Chandrasekaran NR (1958) A note on natural crossing in groundnut, Arachis hypogea Lian. Sci Cult 23:650 (Calcutta)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sriram TA, Raman KR (1961) Some aspects of flowering and fruiting in yellow passion fruit and Granadilla. S Indian Hart 9(1–4):30–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava DP, Singh SN (1968) Heterosis in sesame. Indian Bot Soc J 47(1/2):79–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Svetsugo I, Kobayashi S (1952) Studies on Vicia villosa Roth, with special reference to the fertilization and seed production. Proc Crop Sci 21(1/2):150–151 (In Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan R, Bhardwaj SC (1982) Bee pollinators of sunflower and their foraging behaviour. Indian Bee J 44(2):32–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS (1983) Assessing the role of honeybee in a field of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.). Am Bee J 123(8):593–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS (1984) Bee pollination increases yield of two interplanted varieties of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L,). Am Bee J 122(7):539–540

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS, Goyal NP (1978) Effect of bee pollination on ball retention in Gossypium arboreum Linn. Seeds Farms 4(8):45–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS, Goyal NP (1979a) Pollen dispersal by insects in desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum Linn,). Seeds Farms 5:56–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS, Goyal NP (1979b) Some observations on the behavior of Apis mellifera Linn. and Apis cerana indica Fab. workers in a field of desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum Linn.). Am Beef 119(2):106

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS, Goyal NP (1979c) Insect pollination in Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum). J Apic Res 18(1):64–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda AS, Goyal NP (1979d) Preliminary observations on the effect of intervarietal bee pollination of desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum Linn.). Indian J Entomol 41(3):281–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari GN, Singh K (1983) Studies on insect pollinators in relation to seed production in ­cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Indian Bee J 45(1 and 2):54–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakar CV (1974) Experiments on pollination of sunflower. Indian Bee J 36(1–4):36–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaish OP, Agrawal SC, Joshi MJ (1978) Frequency of insect visitors for pollen foraging on sunflower in relation to daily temperature and humidity. In: Proceedings of the 8th international sunflower conference, Minneapolis, pp 148–l57

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma LR (1990) Beekeeping in integrated mountain development: economic and scientific perspective. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma LR, Chauan P (1985) Distribution, abundance and diversity of insect pollinators in apple orchards of Shimla hills. Indian J Ecol 12:286–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma SK, Joshi NK (1983) Studies on the role of honeybee in the pollination of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Indian Bee J 45(2/3):52–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagle PV (1929) A preliminary study of pollination of the Alphonso mango. Agric J India 24(14):259–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakhle DM, Nair KS, Phadke RP (1978) Effect of bee pollination on the oil and protein content in the seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Indian Bee J 40(1):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams IH (1977) Behaviour of insects foraging on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in India. Trap Agric Trinidad 54(4):353–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Woo KS, Choo HY, Choi KR (1986) Studies on the ecology and utilization of pollinating insects. Korean JApic 1(1):54–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu CT (1967) Studies on the percentage of fruit-setting of self-and cross- pollination and its relation to some economic characters of the Ft hybrids in tea plant. J Agric Assoc China 59:24–39 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Main Campus Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India

    Dharam P. Abrol

Authors
  1. Dharam P. Abrol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dharam P. Abrol .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Abrol, D.P. (2012). Applied Pollination: Present Scenario. In: Pollination Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1942-2_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation