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Importance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

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Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 20))

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination caused either by natural processes or by human activities is one of the most serious environmental problems. Physicochemical methods such as soil washing, excavation, and reburial for heavy metal removal from contaminated soils are expensive and disruptive. Phytoremediation in contrast is a low-cost environmentally friendly and potentially effective technology for the reclamation of polluted soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provide an attractive system to advance plant-based environmental clean-up. They are critical in the establishment and fitness of plants in severely disturbed sites, including those contaminated by heavy metals. Mycorrhizal plants play an important role both in phytostabilization and phytoextraction. Strategies used by AM-fungi in phytostabilization includes immobilization of metals by precipitating polyphosphate granules in the soil, compounds secreted by the fungus, adsorption to fungal cell walls, and chelation of metals inside the fungus. By phytoextraction, AM-fungi make heavy metals more available for plant absorption, help plants to accumulate metals, facilitate plant growth and biomass production, and increase plant tolerance to metals. Since tolerance to heavy metals varies with the fungal genotype, efficacy of the hyperaccumulators in phytoremediation can be best exploited by selecting most suitable mycorrhizal culture. The importance of AM-fungi in enhancing phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil is highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quai-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Arshad Javaid

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  1. Arshad Javaid
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Correspondence to Arshad Javaid .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  2. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  3. , Department of Microbiology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricu, Pantnagar, 263145, India

    Reeta Goel

  4. , Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Javed Musarrat

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Javaid, A. (2011). Importance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils. In: Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Goel, R., Musarrat, J. (eds) Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils. Environmental Pollution, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1914-9_5

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