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Communication in the Rhizosphere, a Target for Pest Management

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Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 8))

Abstract

The industrial agriculture has given rise to an excessive use and misuse of agrochemicals causing environmental pollution. Therefore, it is urgent to find alternatives that are more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers and pesticides for disease control. The key to achieve successful biological control strategies is the knowledge of the ecological interactions that occur belowground. The rhizosphere constitutes a very dynamic environment harbouring the plant roots and many organisms. Plants communicate and interact with those organisms through the production and release of a large variety of secondary metabolites into the rhizosphere. Thus, they use these metabolites to defend themselves against soil-borne pathogens, which can adversely affect plant growth and fitness, but also to establish mutualistic associations with beneficial soil microorganisms. However, despite the importance of these plant-organism interactions the mechanisms regulating them remain largely unknown.

We review here chemical communication that takes place in the rhizosphere between plants and other soil organisms, and the potential use of this molecular dialogue for developing new biological control strategies against deleterious organisms. We focus on the knowledge of the root parasitic weed germination stimulants – strigolactones – to develop more efficient control methods against this pest. Finally, we illustrate this with an exciting example: the use of the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis for controlling root parasitic weeds by reducing the production of strigolactones in the host plant.

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Abbreviations

AM:

arbuscular mycorrhiza

AHL:

N-acyl homoserine lactone

PGPF:

plant growth promoting fungi

PGPR:

plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

QS:

Quorum sensing

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Acknowledgements

Our research is supported by grants PERG-02-2007-224751 from the Marie Curie program from the European Commission, AGL2009-07691 from the National R&D Plan of the MINCIN, and The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; VICI-grant to HB). HB is also (co) financed by the Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), a part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. JAL-R is supported by a postdoctoral contract (JAE-Doc) from the Spanish Research Council (CSIC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    Juan Antonio López-Ráez & Maria J. Pozo

  2. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Harro Bouwmeester

  3. Center for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Harro Bouwmeester

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  1. Juan Antonio López-Ráez
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  2. Harro Bouwmeester
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  3. Maria J. Pozo
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Correspondence to Juan Antonio López-Ráez .

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    Eric Lichtfouse

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López-Ráez, J.A., Bouwmeester, H., Pozo, M.J. (2012). Communication in the Rhizosphere, a Target for Pest Management. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1905-7_5

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