Abstract
Clearly, a formalistic teaching style has prevailed in primary and secondary schools in Papua New Guinea and progressive attempts to replace a formalistic paradigm have failed. Curriculum reformers have often attributed the failure to formalistic teachers and teacher training, but what are the underlying reasons for their persistence? One major factor is that formalism is associated with long-term cultural belief systems.
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Guthrie, G. (2011). Cultural Continuities And Formalism In PNG. In: The Progressive Education Fallacy in Developing Countries. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1851-7_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1851-7_8
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