Abstract
Understanding the present often involves a grasp of the past. Our present concern about the inadequate academic achievement of many American youth focuses upon their race, poverty, temperament, teachers, family, and culture. Today, we hold the institution that encompasses them all, their schools, largely responsible for their poor performance. Has this always been so, and if not, why blame schools now?
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References
Bryk, Anthony S., Penny B. Sebring, Elaine Allensworth, Stuart Luppescu, and John Q. Easton. 2009. Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Dewey, John. 1916. Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Free Press.
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National Commission on Excellence in Education (NCEE). 1983. A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Government Printing Office.
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Graham, P.A. (2011). Grasping the Past to Inform the Present. In: Hallinan, M. (eds) Frontiers in Sociology of Education. Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1576-9_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1576-9_14
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