Abstract
The land surface affects the atmosphere via the exchange of heat, matter (moisture, gases, aerosols), and momentum. The exchange of heat and moisture, for instance, are described by the energy and water budgets that are coupled via the water-vapor flux due to evapotranspiration (i.e., the sum of transpiration and evaporation). Coupled energy- and water-budget equations are required to determine the temperature and moisture conditions at the atmosphere-surface interface.
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Mölders, N. (2012). Physical and Chemical Principles. In: Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, vol 44. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1527-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1527-1_2
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