Abstract
Tourism development commonly has been advocated as an alternative to traditional natural resource- based economic development, such as mining, agriculture and timber production. Demand for these new forms of tourism, such as community- based tourism, nature- based tourism, ecotourism, sustainable tourism, arises from increased concern and interest in unique and fragile ecosystems and a growing desire to travel to new and exotic places. Although numbers are still low compared to those in other tourist destinations, hundreds of thousands of tourists visit the Northern Circumpolar Regions every year. The first motivation of visiting the Arctic is still the wildness of the landscapes but the Region is also attractive because of the quite relatively unknown local people [Smith, 1989]. Tourism is a combination of travel and sightseeing as well as leisure and recreation and the environment is tourism’s resource. Every survey of motivations of tourists includes on the list of reasons for visiting destination areas, factors such as sightseeing, natural and cultural heritage, landscape impressions. It is known that all tourism, whether of the mass packaged type or the supposedly more environmentally friendly ecotourism has an impact on landscape and culture. Tourism is dynamic, produce changes as well as responds to its [Butler 1991].
Chapter PDF
References
ANDERSON, M.J., 1991. Problems with tourism development in Canada’s eastern Arctic. Tourism Management September: 209–220.
BUTLER R.W., 1991, “Tourism environment and sustainable development”, Environmental Conservation, vol. 18, n. 3: 201–209.
BUTLER R.W., 1994, “Tourism environment and sustainable development”, in Smith V.L., Eadington W. R.: Tourism alternatives The University of Pennsylvania Press.
CATER E., 1993, Ecotourism in the third world: problems for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 14: 85–90
DE KADT, E., 1992. Making the alternative sustainable: lessons from development for tourism. In: ]mith V.L., Eadington W. R. (eds) Tourism alternatives The University of Pennsylvania Press.
JOHNSTON, M.E., 1995. Patterns and issues in arctic and sub-artic tourism. In: Hall, C.M., and Johnston, M.E. eds. Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antartic Regions. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
MAC KERCHER B., 1993, Some fundamental thriths sbout tourism: understanding tourism’s social and environmental impacts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 1:6–16.
O’REILLY, A.M., 1986. Tourism carryng capacity. Concept and issues Tourism Management December: 254–258.
SMITH V.L., 1989, “Eskimo Tourism: Micro-Models and Marginal Men”,in Smith V.L. (ed), 1989, “Hosts and Guests, the Anthropology of Tourism”, 2 ed, Univ of Pennsylvania Press.
SMITH, V.L., EADINGTON, W.R., (eds.), 1992. Tourism Alternatives The University of Pennsylvania Press.
TOMMASINI, D., 1997. Social Impact of Tourism on Arctic Population and Environment. Ricerca e Futuro National Research Council of Italy vol.4.
TOMMASINI, D., 1998. Tourist Images, Motivation and Perceptions: a Profile of the Arctic Tourist.-In: Greiffenberg T. (ed.)Development in the Arctic Dansk Polar Center.
UNEP, 1991, “Carrying Capacity Assessment for Tourism Activities”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tommasini, D. (2003). Tourism Impacts. In: Rasmussen, R.O., Koroleva, N.E. (eds) Social and Environmental Impacts in the North: Methods in Evaluation of Socio-Economic and Environmental Consequences of Mining and Energy Production in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. NATO Science Series, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1054-2_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1054-2_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1669-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-1054-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive