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Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration in Algae

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Photosynthesis in Algae

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 14))

Summary

Carbohydrates and their immediate derivatives have a number of roles related to photosynthesis in algae (including Cyanobacteria). In the form of phosphorylated sugars, carbohydrates are major intermediates in the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle and the photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle. Carbohydrates are common energy and carbon storage products in algae, permitting imbalances between the rate of reduced carbon production in photosynthesis and the rate of reduced carbon consumption in growth. Stored carbohydrates also allow dark survival for species-specific time periods. Sugars and sugar alcohols are compatible solutes in many algae, and also function, like the sugar oxidation product ascorbate, as free radical scanvengers. Structural polysaccharides in algal cell walls are important in containing turgor, and in permitting multicellularity. Algal respiration, encompassing the very widespread glycolytic and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, has been less comprehensively studied than has algal photosynthesis. The available information suggests that algal ‘dark respiration’ processes resemble those in many other organisms and are essential for growth and maintenance processes. However, many algae have an alternative oxidase as well as cytochrome oxidase, as do higher plants and many other non-metazoans, and some algae have an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle. All of the ‘dark respiration’ pathways function in growth in the absence of light. In the light some of the functions of respiration, i.e. the provision of ATP and NADPH for growth processes, can be partly replaced by photosynthetic production of these cofactors. However, the ‘dark respiration’ pathways have an essential role in the light in providing a number of carbon skeletons (e.g. 2-oxoglutarate) required for growth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK

    John A. Raven

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia

    John Beardall

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia

    Anthony W. D. Larkum

  2. National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biosciences, Canada

    Susan E. Douglas

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, UK

    John A. Raven

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Raven, J.A., Beardall, J. (2003). Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration in Algae. In: Larkum, A.W.D., Douglas, S.E., Raven, J.A. (eds) Photosynthesis in Algae. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1038-2_10

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