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Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates

Part of the book series: Developments in environmental biology of fishes ((DEBF,volume 23))

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Abstract

Hatchery propagation of salmonids has been practiced in western North America for over a century. However, recent declines in wild salmon abundance and efforts to mitigate these declines through hatcheries have greatly increased the relative abundance of fish produced in hatcheries. The over-harvest of wild salmon by fishing mixed hatchery and wild stocks has been of concern for many years but genetic interactions between populations, such as hybridization, introgression and outbreeding depression, may also compromise the sustainability of wild populations. Our goal was to examine whether a newly established hatchery population of steelhead trout successfully reproduced in the wild and to compare their rate of reproductive success to that of sympatrically spawning native steelhead. We used eight microsatellite loci to create allele frequency profiles for baseline hatchery and wild populations and assigned the smolt (age 2) offspring of this parental generation to a population of origin. Adults originating from a generalized hatchery stock artificially selected for early return and spawning date were successful at reproducing in Forks Creek, Washington. Although hatchery females (N = 90 and 73 in the two consecutive years of the study) produced offspring that survived to emigrate as smolts, they produced only 4.4–7.0% the number produced per wild female (N = 11 and 10). This deficit in reproductive success implies that the proportion of hatchery genes in the mixed population may diminish since deliberate releases into the river have ceased. This hypothesis is being tested in a long-term study at Forks Creek.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Thomas P. Quinn

  2. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4

    Jennifer E. McLean

  3. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4J1

    Paul Bentzen

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  1. Jennifer E. McLean
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  2. Paul Bentzen
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  3. Thomas P. Quinn
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Anthony J. Gharrett Richard G. Gustafson Jennifer L. Nielsen James E. Seeb Lisa W. Seeb William W. Smoker Gary H. Thorgaard Richard L. Wilmot

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McLean, J.E., Bentzen, P., Quinn, T.P. (2004). Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss . In: Gharrett, A.J., et al. Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates. Developments in environmental biology of fishes, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0983-6_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0983-6_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3759-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0983-6

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