Abstract
The processes occurring on the electrodes and in the liquid phase during the arc discharge in the liquid phase (ADLP) have been considered in the present work and we explain the mechanism of carbon nanostructures (CNS) formation proposing the model based on the analysis of existing regularities in behaviour of charged particles under extreme temperature and pressure gradients. The CNS synthesis by ADLP method has been performed in dielectric liquids: hydrocarbons, liquid gases (N2, Ar, He, etc.), deionized water and others. Suspension containing clusters of synthesized nanostructures has been formed by the synthesis. The efficiency of this method is sharply increased by using arc discharge in the liquid phase where powder reagent layer is used as anode. To increase the frequency of electrodes clamping and moving apart, an electromagnetic vibrator has been used in this method and it brings and takes away the cathode from the powder reagent at a specified frequency. For ADLP, nanostructures form simultaneously at several points on the conducting particle surface as a result of microscopic acts of arc discharge. These nanostructures are generated from the liquid phase and anode vapors and represent the product exhibiting rather interesting physical and chemical properties. Based on the analysis of the observations performed in the course of carbon nanostructures synthesis, the model of nanostructures formation by arc discharge in the liquid phase has been proposed in this paper. Presence and absence of deposit on the cathode have been explained.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Vonsovskiy SV (1971) Magnetism. Nauka, Moscow, p 1032 (in Russian)
Vonsovskiy SV (ed) (1961) Magnetic properties of metals and alloys. Gostekhizdat, Moscow, p 560 (in Russian)
Gusev AI, Rempel AA (2004) Nanocrystalline materials. Cambridge International Science, Cambridge, p 149
Chuistov KV, Shpak AP, Perekos AE et al (2003) Small-size metallic particles: production conditions, atomic and electron structure, magnetic properties and practical implementation. Usp Fiz Met 4(4):235–245
Chuistov KV, Perekos AE, Zalutskiy VP et al (1997) The effect of production conditions on structural state, phase composition and fineness of iron and iron-based powders made by electric-spark erosion. Met Phys Adv Technol 16(8):865–875
Dubovoy AG, Perekos AE, Chuistov KV (1985) Structure and magnetic properties of small amorphous particles of metallic Fe-15 at.% B alloy. Phys Met 6(5):1085–1088
Dubovoy AG, Zalutskiy VP, Ignat’ev IYu (1990) Structure, magnetic parameters and thermal stability for small amorphous particles and amorphous strips of Fe-15 at.% B. Phys Met 8(4):804–807
Chuistov KV, Perekos AE (1998) Structure and properties of small-size metallic particles. 1. Phase-structure state and magnetic characteristics (Review). Met Phys Adv Technol 17(1):57–84
Schur DV, Dubovoy AG, Zaginaichenko SYu, Adejev VM, Kotko AV, Bogolepov VA, Savenko AF, Zolotarenko AD (2007) Production of carbon nanostructures by arc synthesis in the liquid phase. Carbon 45(6):1322–1329
Loiseau A, Demoncy N, Stephan O et al (2000) Filling carbon nanotubes using an ARC discharge, Science and application of nanotubes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, p 398
Schur DV, Dubovoy AG, Lysenko EA et al (2003) Synthesis of nanotubes in the liquid phase.In: Extended abstracts of 8th international conference on hydrogen materials science and chemistry of carbon nanomaterials (ICHMS’2003), Sudak (Crimea, Ukraine), p 399–402
Schur DV, Dubovoy AG, Zaginaichenko SYu, Savenko AF (2004) Method for synthesis of carbon nanotubes in the liquid phase.In: Extended abstracts of international conference on carbon, providence (Rhode Island, USA). American Carbon Society p 196–198
Antisari MV, Marazzi R, Krsmanovic R (2003) Synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes by electric arc discharge in liquid environments. Carbon 41(12):2393–2401
Biro LP, Horvath ZE, Szalmas L et al (2003) Continuous carbon nanotube production in underwater AC electric arc. Chem Phys Lett 372(3–4):399–402
Sano N, Nakano J, Kanki T (2004) Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with nanohorns by arc in liquid nitrogen. Carbon 42(3):686–688
Qui J, Li Y, Wang Yu et al (2004) Synthesis of carbon-encapsulated nickel nanocrystals by arc-discharge of coal-based carbons in water. Fuel 83(4–5):615–617
Bera D, Kuiry SC, McCutchen M et al (2004) In-situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticles-filled carbon nanotubes using arc discharge in solution. Chem Phys Lett 386(4–6):364–368
Montoro LA, Lobrano Renata CZ, Rosolen JM (2005) Synthesis of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes by arc-water method. Carbon 43(1):200–203
Ishlinsky AYu (1989) Polytechnic dictionary. Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, p 611 (in Russian)
Acknowledgment
The work has been done within the framework of STCU project 4919.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zolotarenko, A.D. et al. (2011). The Peculiarities of Nanostructures Formation in Liquid Phase. In: Zaginaichenko, S., Schur, D., Skorokhod, V., Veziroglu, A., İbrahimoğlu, B. (eds) Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems - II. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0899-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0899-0_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0898-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0899-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)