Abstract
There is every reason to start a new chapter at the beginning of the twentieth century. The year 1900 was the first year of ‘modern physics’. Max Planck (1858–1947) formulated his quantum theory, which was devised to explain the behavior of thermal radiators (Fig. 13.1), but which was to become the foundation of physics and chemistry. Planck framed the hypothesis that atoms which begin to vibrate on heating emit their energy (E) in discrete amounts, quanta, according to the formula E = hf, where h is Planck’s constant and f is the frequency. This formula, although it is experimentally correct, could not be fitted into the system of classical physics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Note
Bouman, 1961.
Weiskopf, 1968; Nassau, 1985.
Helmholtz, 1891, 1892.
Abney, 1913, p. VI.
Stiles, 1933, 1978.
Judd, 1979.
see Crone, 1959.
Panday et al., Cicerone.
Boynton, 1996.
Judd, 1979.
Göthlin, 1944,p.441.
Waaler, 1927.
Crone, 1965.
14: Weale, 1953; Crone, 1956; Blackwell, 1961.
Dartnall, 1957.
Wald, 1934.
Wald, 1951.
Hargrave et al., 1983.
see Weale, 1965.
Rushton, 1958, 1965.
Jay, 1990.
22: Schrödmger, 1925, p. 180–1.
Brazier, 1984.
Granit, 1941.
Granit, 1941.
Neumeyer et al., 1997.
De Valois et al., 1966.
De Valois and Pease, 1971.
Spekreijse et al., 1971.
Mollon, Jordan 1997, p. 381; Krauskopf, p. 431; in: Dickinson et al., 1997.
Crone, 1992.
for summary see Lee, in: Dickinson, 1997, p. 65–72.
van Brakel, 1993.
Boynton and Olson, 1990.
Ratliff, 1976; Hardin, 1988.
Chevreul, 1839, paragr. 16.
Land and McCann, 1971.
Land, 1977.
Kamermans et al., 1998.
Hubel, 1988; Zeki, 1993.
Livingstone and Hubel, 1984.
Land et al., 1983.
Zeki 1993, p. 284 and 310.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Crone, R.A. (1999). The twentieth century. In: A History of Color. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0870-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0870-9_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-015-3941-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0870-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive