Abstract
In the European countries, three policy instruments can be distinguished:
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• Command and control instruments: physical limitations to emissions, quotas, legislatory rules and prescriptions (licensing)
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• Economic instruments: levies, subsidies, deposits, tradable permits, environmental liabilities, fiscal measures
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• Voluntary instruments: information, infrastructural facilities, provisions, collective agreements, demonstration projects, environmental-management systems (including audits and reports).
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© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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van Dijken, K. et al. (1999). Policy implications. In: Adoption of Environmental Innovations. Eco-Efficiency In Industry And Science, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0854-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0854-9_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3740-2
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