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Alzheimer’s Disease, Schizophrenia and Depression

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Molecular Basis of Health and Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is named after German physician Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid plaques composed of aggregated amyloid beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) that are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau and synaptic defects resulting in neuritic dystrophy and neuronal death [1]. It is now believed that AD is the most common form of dementia in the ageing population especially in the USA. AD produces loss of memory and problems with thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer’s gets worse over time, and it is fatal. Today it is the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. The severity of AD may be significant enough to eventually interfere with daily life and thus, these patients may need constant family support to survive. It is estimated that about 5.3 million Americans now have Alzheimer’s disease. It is important to note, however, that AD is not a normal part of aging. The duration of Alzheimer’s disease can vary from 3 to 20 years, but many die an average of 4–6 years after diagnosis. The disease initially presents with mild cognitive impairment such as memory lapses, especially in forgetting familiar words or names or the location of keys, eyeglasses or other everyday objects. As the disease progresses, they are unable to recognize and remember spouse and children, do not respond to the environment, and ultimately lose ability to speak and control movement.

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  1. UND Life Science, 13800 Fairhill Road, #321, 44120, Shaker Heights, OH, USA

    Undurti N. Das

  2. School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 533003, Kakinada, India

    Undurti N. Das

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Das, U.N. (2011). Alzheimer’s Disease, Schizophrenia and Depression. In: Molecular Basis of Health and Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0495-4_12

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