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Factors Causing Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota

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Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections

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Abstract

The gut microbiota is part and parcel of the innate immunity that protects the host against enteric pathogens. Soon after birth, its composition starts to establish in the infant depending upon the method of delivery and the environment. Factors like nutrition, antimicrobial usage, age, changes in intestinal motility, behavioural changes, and several others, subsequently affect the individual’s microbiotal composition throughout life. The effects are beneficial when the microbiotal population is dominated by protective bacteria, particularly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus and to a lesser extent, some Bacteroides species while the numbers of potentially pathogenic organisms like Clostridium species and Escherichia coli are low or undetectable. Noticeable effects that are of clinical significance are due to reduced number of beneficial bacteria with or without subsequent overgrowth of potentially pathogenic microbiota species and alterations in secreted proteins or metabolites and fermentation products. Since large numbers of particular beneficial bacteria and or their fermentation products are pivotal to host immunity, their disturbances often lead to enteric disorders such as diarrhoea and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In this chapter the key factors that disturb or affect the gut microbiota and their potential in development of enteric disorders are discussed.

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  1. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, 3203, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania

    Joshua J. Malago & Jos F. J. G. Koninkx

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Correspondence to Joshua J. Malago .

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  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania

    J.J. Malago

  2. Division Pathology, Dept of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, 3508 TD, Netherlands

    J.F.J.G. Koninkx

  3. Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, 1230, Slovenia

    R. Marinsek-Logar

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Malago, J.J., Koninkx, J.F. (2011). Factors Causing Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota. In: Malago, J., Koninkx, J., Marinsek-Logar, R. (eds) Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0386-5_4

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