Abstract
City expansion and rising consumerism in an increasingly urbanized world has caused greater threat to the physical environment. Ecological planning has thus responded to guide urban development towards minimizing use of land, energy and other materials to help build healthy urban living. The key principle of eco-city planning is to make city habitat in harmony with nature. Earlier planning concepts of garden city, contemporary new urbanism, environmental ethics, deep ecology movement have all a significant influence on the evolution of eco-city planning. Sustainable consumption ideas have also acted as a balancing force. In implementation and planning practice, however, the “one size fits all” approach must be ruled out. The book covers policy, implementation and micro-planning approaches.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aguirre, M. S. (2002). Sustainable development: why the focus on population? International Journal of Social Economics, 29(12): 923–945.
Barton, H. (2000). Sustainable communities. London: Earthscan.
BBC News (2007). “Eco-towns” target doubled by PM. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7010888.stm. Accessed 28 August 2010.
BBC News (2009). Four sites to become eco-towns. 16 July 2010 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8152985.stm. Accessed 20 October 2010.
Boulanger, P. M. (2008). Sustainable development indicators: a scientific challenge, a democratic issue. SAPIENS 1(1), http://sapiens.revues.org/index166.html. Accessed 20 October 2010.
Calthorpe, P. (1993). The next American metropolis: ecology, community and the American dream. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press.
Carson, R. (1962). Silent spring. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Corrigan, P. (1997). The sociology of consumption. London: Sage
Daly, H. E. (1991). Steady-state economics. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Dicken, P. (2005). The global shift: mapping the changing contours of the world economy (5th ed). London: Sage.
Dramstad, W. E., Olson, J. D. & Forman, R. T. (1996). Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land use planning. Washington, DC: Island Press.
ECN News (2010). Kunming honored liable eco-city by the United Nations. http://www.ae-eco-city.net/ae_ecocity/News/Industry%20news/20100120/58966.shtml & http://www.cityup.org/ae_ecocity/News/index.shtml. Accessed 01 October 2010.
Girardet, H. (1999). The metabolism of cities. In D. Banister, K. Button & P. Nijkamp (Eds.), Environment, land use and urban policy (pp. 352–361). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Hall, P. (1996). Cities of tomorrow: an intellectual history of urban planning and design in the twentieth century. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hasna, A. M. (2007). Dimensions of sustainability. Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Development, 2(1): 47–57.
Jayne, M. (2006). Cities and consumption. London: Routledge.
Kallidaikurichi, S. & Yuen, B. (Eds.). (2010). Developing living cities. Singapore: World Scientific.
Kates, R. W., Parris, T. M. & Leiserowitz, A. A. (2005). What is sustainable development?. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 47(3): 8–21.
Kelbaugh, D. (2002). The new urbanism. In S. S. Fainstein & S. Campbell (Eds.), Readings in urban theory (2nd ed, pp. 354–361). Oxford: Blackwell.
Li, S.-S., Zhang, Y., Li, Y.-T. & Yang, N.-J. (2010). Research on the eco-city index system based on the city classification. Bioinformatics and biomedical engineering (ICBEE) 2010 4th international conference. Chengdu, pp. 1–4.
Luccarelli, M. (1995). Lewis Mumford and the ecological region. New York, NY: The Gulford Press.
McHarg, I. (1969). Design with nature. Dockside Green, VIC: Wiley.
Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history: its origins, its transformations and its prospects. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace and World.
Mumford, L. (1997). The culture of cities. London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press.
Mumford, L. (2004). Cities and the crisis of civilization. In S. M. Wheeler &T. Beatley (Eds.), The sustainable urban development reader (pp. 15–19). New York, NY: Routledge.
Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. Inquiry, 16: 151–155.
Naess, A. (1989). Ecology, community, lifestyle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nash, R. (1989). The right of nature: a history of environmental ethics. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Newman, P. & Jennings, I. (2008). Cities and sustainable ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Nicholson-Lord, D. (1987). The greening of the cities. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Parsons, K. C. (1990). Clarence Stein and the greenbelt towns settling for less. Journal of American Planning Association, 56(2): 161–183.
Randolph, J. (2004). Environmental land use planning and management. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Register, R. (1987). Ecocity Berkeley: building cities for a healthy future. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
Register, R. (2006). Rebuilding cities in balance with nature. Cabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
Roberts, P., Ravetz, J. & George, C. (2009). Environment and the city. London: Routledge.
Roseland, M. (1997). Dimensions of the ecocity. Cities, 14(4): 197–202.
Routley, R. (1973). Is there a need for a new environmental ethic? Proceedings of the XVth world congress of philosophy, held on September 17–22, 1973 at Varna, Bulgaria.
Sagoff, M. (1988). The allocation and distribution of resources. In M. Sagoff (Ed.), The economy of the earth (pp. 50–73). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Silvers, R. (1976). The sustainable society. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2008). Environmental ethics. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental. Accessed 09 September 2009.
Suzuki, H., Dastur, A., Moffat, S. & Yabuki, N. (2009). Eco2Cities: ecological cities as economic cities (conference edition). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
United Nations (1987). Our common future: report of the world commission on environment and development. New York, NY: United Nations.
Welter V. M. & Lawson J. (Eds.). (2000). The city after Patrick Geddes. Oxford: Peter Lang.
White, R. (2002). Building the ecological city. Cambridge: Woodhead.
Wolman, A. (1965). The metabolism of cities. Scientific American, 213: 179–190.
World Bank (2010). Eco2 cities: ecological cities as economic cities – synopsis. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1270074782769/Eco2Cities_synopsis.pdf. Accessed 25 September 2010.
Zhan, S. (2003). Fifteen lectures on the Taoist culture. Beijing: Peking University Press (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wong, TC., Yuen, B. (2011). Understanding the Origins and Evolution of Eco-city Development: An Introduction. In: Wong, TC., Yuen, B. (eds) Eco-city Planning. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0383-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0383-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0382-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0383-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)