Abstract
Different natural and artificial sources of pollution (manufacturing, metallurgy, mining, constructions, and incinerators) can contaminate the environ ment with heavy metals. If natural sources contribute to environmental pollution only to a little extent, artificial ones, which result from different human activities, contribute decisively to the pollution of the environment. Recently, interest in heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Ni, Cr, Mn, Se, As) has increased as they contaminate the environment and severely affect human and animal health. This paper presents some theoretical toxicity aspects of three elements (cadmium, lead, arsenic) and possible additive or synergistic action in human bodies, especially in children. Evaluating these actions is essential for risk assessment and management of heavy metals as single or mixture environment pollutants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bradl H.B., 2005, Heavy Metals in the Environment, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, 10-74;
Chen L., Jin T., Huang B., 2006, Critical Exposure level of Cadmium for Elevated Urinary Metallothionein, Toxicol.Appl., Pharmacol., 215, 93-99;
Clemens S., 2001, Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Metal Tolerance and Homeostasis, Panta, 212, 475-486;
Coman Gh., Badea M., Draghici C., Dumitrescu L., Tiut M., 2003, Biochimie, Ermetic, Brasov, 205-210;
Coman Gh., C.Draghici (eds.), 2004, Pollutants and their Impact on Human Body, Ed. Univ.Transilvania, Brasov, 81-86;
Coman Gh., Draghici C., Chirila E., Sica M., 2006, Pollutants Effects on Human Body-Toxiological Approach, in L.Simeonov, E.Chirila (eds.), Proceeding of the NATO Conference, Borovetz, 2005, Chemical as International and Accidental Global Environment Threats, Springer, 255-266;
Coman Gh., Draghici C., Vrabie C, 2008, Accumulation and Transformation Processes of Pollutants in Soil, in L.Simeonov and V.Sargsyan (eds.), Proceeding of the NATO Conference, Borovetz, 2007, Soil Chemical Pollution, Risk Assessment, Remediation and Security, Springer Science+Business Meda B.V., 349-357;
Cousins R.J., Liuzzi J.P., Lichten L., 2006, Mammalian Zinc Transport Trafficking and Signals, J.Biol., Chem., 281, 24085-89;
Davidova S., 2005, Heavy Metals as Toxicants in Big Cities, Microbiochemical Journal, 79, 133-136;
Dobra M., Viman V., Vatca G., 2006, Contributions to the Study of Heavy Metals Concentrations Variations in Sedimentable Dust, Am.J.of Environ.Sci., 2(3), 92-94;
Franco R., Schoneveld O., Georgacilas A., Panayiotidis M., 2008, Oxidative stress DNA methylation and carcinogenesis, Cancer Lett., 266, 6-11;
Garcon G., Leleu B., Marez T., Zerimech F., Furon D., Shirali P., 2004, Biologic markers of oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity as studied in biomonitoring of adverse effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium, J. Occup. Environ., 46(11), 1180-1186;
Garcon G., Leleu B., Marez T., Zerimech F., Furon D., Shirali P., 2007, Biomonitoring of the adverse effects induced by the chronic exposure to lead and cadmium on kidney function, Sci. Total Environ., 377(2-3), 165-172;
Hall J.L., 2002, Cellular Mechanisms for Heavy Metal Detoxification and Tolerance, J.of Exp.Botany, 53(366), 1-11;
Hegazy, S.H., 2008, The Role of Heawy Metals on Metabolism, Res.J.of Agric. And Biol. Sci., 4(3), 198-202;
Henry J.R., 2000, An Overview of Phytoremediation on Lead and Mercury, NNEMS Report, Washington D.C., 3-9;
Hong F., Jin T., Zhang A., 2004, Risk assessment on renal dysfunction caused by co-exposure to arsenic and cadmium using benchmark dose calculation in a Chinese population, Biometals, 17(5), 573-580;
Hoornweg D., 2000, What a Waste Solid Waste Management in Asia. Unep Ind.Environ., 65-70;
Impelliteri C.A., Saxe J.K., 2003, Predicting the Bioavailability of Cooper and Zinc in Soil, Environ.Toxicol.Chem., 22, 1380-1386;
Klaassen C.D., 2008, Toxicology, McGraw Hill, New York, 931-940;
Leslie E.M., Liu J., Klaassen C.D., 2006, Aquired Cadmium Resistence in Metallothionein, Mol.Pharmacol., 69, 629-39;
Liu Y., McDermott S., Lawson A., Aelion C.M., 2010, The relationship between mental retardation and developmental delays in children and the levels of arsenic, mercury and lead in soil samples taken near their mother’s residence during pregnancy, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (in press);
Llianos M., Ronco A.M., 2009, Fetal growth restriction is related to placental levels of cadmium, lead and arsenic but not with antioxidant activities, Reproductive Toxicology, 27, 88-92;
Manaham S., Toxical chemistry and Biochemistry, 2003, Lewis Publishers, London, 227-247;
Ming-Ho Yu, 2005, Environmental Toxicology, CRC Press, London, p.190-203;
Mirsa V., Pandey S.D., 2005, Hazardous Waste, Impact on Health and Environment for development of Better Waste Management Strategies in Future in India, Environment International, 31, 417-431;
Nordberg G., Jin T., Hong F., Zang A., Buchet J., Bernard A., 2005, Bionarkers of cadmium and arsenic interactions, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 206(2), 191-197;
Pages D., Rose J., Conrad S., Cuine S., Carrier P., Heulin T., 2008, Heavy Metal Tolerance in Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia, Plos One, 3(2), 1-6;
Rian, K.A., 2004, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 19-25;
Ruiz-Viscaya A., Barbier O., Ruiz-Ramos R., Cebrian M., 2009, Biomarkers of oxidative stress and damage in human population exposed to arsenic, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 674, 85-92;
Sarkar B., 2008, Heavy Metals in the Environment, Marcel Dekker, inc.
Timbrell J., 2002, Introduction to Toxicology, Taylor and Francis, New York, 123-140;
Tsuji J., Benson R., Schoof R., Hook G., 2004, Health effect levels for risk assessment of childhood exposure to arsenic, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 39(2), 99-110;
Vinodhini R., Narayanan M., 2008, Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Organs of Fresh Water Fish, 2008, Int.J.Environ.Sci.Tech., 5(2), 179-182;
Waalkes, M.P., 2000, Cadmium carcinogenesis, J.In.Biochem., 79, 241;
Wang G., Bruce F., 2008, Roles of biomarkers in evaluating interactions among mixtures of lead, cadmium and arsenic, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 233, 92-99;
Wasowicz W., Gromadzinska J., Rydzynski K., 2001, Blood concentration of essential trace elements and heavy metals in workers exposed to lead and cadmium, Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health, 14(3), 223-229;
Williams P.L., James R.C., Roberts Stephen, 2000, Principles of Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 330/343;
Xu Y., Wang Y., Zheng O., Bing L., Jin Y., Sun X., Sun G., 2008, Association of oxidative stress with arsenic methylation in chronic arsenic-exposed children and adults, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 232, 142-149;
Zalplus R.K., Ahmad S., 2003, Molecular Handling of Cadmium in Transporting Epitelia, Toxicol.Appl., Pharmacol., 186, 163-188;
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Coman, G., Draghici, C. (2011). Heavy Metals Activity Mechanisms at Cellular Level and Possible Action on Childrens Bodies. In: Simeonov, L., Kochubovski, M., Simeonova, B. (eds) Environmental Heavy Metal Pollution and Effects on Child Mental Development. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0253-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0253-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0252-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0253-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)