Abstract
We discuss the numerical solution of successive linear systems of equations \(Ax=b_i, \ i=1,2, \ldots ,m\), by iterative methods based on recycling Krylov subspaces. We propose various recycling algorithms which are based on the generalized conjugate residual (GCR) method. The recycling algorithms reuse the descent vectors computed while solving the previous linear systems \(Ax=b_j, \ j=1,2, \ldots, i-1\), such that a lot of computational work can be saved when solving the current system Ax = b i . The proposed algorithms are robust for solving sequences of linear systems arising in circuit simulation. Sequences of linear systems need to be solved, e.g., in model order reduction (MOR) for systems with many terminals. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
TITAN was then developed by Qimonda AG, Neubiberg (Germany); after insolvency of Qimonda in 2009, TITAN is now owned by Infineon Technologies AG, Neubiberg.
References
Ahuja, K.: Recycling Bi-Lanczos algorithms: BiCG, CGS, and BiCGSTAB. Master’s thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (2009)
Benner, P., Feng, L.H., Rudnyi, E.B.: Using the superposition property for model reduction of linear systems with a large number of inputs. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, 12 (2008).
Davis, T.A.: Direct methods for sparse linear systems. Fundamentals of Algorithms, vol 2. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia (2006)
de Sturler, E.: Nested Krylov methods based on GCR. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 67(1), 15–41 (1996)
Eisenstat, S.C., Elman, H.C., Schultz, M.H. (1983) Variational iterative methods for nonsymmetric systems of linear equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 20(2):345–357
Estévez-Schwarz, D., Tischendorf, C.: Structural analysis of electrical circuits and consequences for MNA. Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl. 28(2), 131–162 (2000)
Feldmann, P., Freund, R.: Efficient linear circuit analysis by Pad\(\acute{e}\) approximation via the Lanczos process. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 14, 639–649 (1995)
Feldmann, P., Liu, F.: Sparse and efficient reduced order modeling of linear subcircuits with large number of terminals. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 88–92 (2004)
Feng, L., Benner, P., Korvink, J.G.: Parametric model order reduction accelerated by subspace recycling. In: Proceedings of the 48th IEEE CDC and 28th Chinese Control Conf., Shanghai, P.R. China, December 16-18, 2009, pp. 4328–4333 (2009)
Freund, R.: SPRIM: structure-preserving reduced-order interconnect macromodeling. In: Tech. Dig. 2004 IEEE/ACM Intl. Conf. CAD, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, pp. 80–87 (2004)
Grimme, E.J.: Krylov projection methods for model reduction. Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (1997)
Kilmer, M., Miller, E., Rappaport, C.: A QMR-based projection technique for the solution of non-hermitian systems with multiple right hand sides. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 23(3), 761–780 (2001)
Li, P., Shi, W.: Model order reduction of linear networks with massive ports via frequency-dependent port packing. In: Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, pp. 267–272 (2006)
Nakhla, N., Nakhla, M., Achar, R.: Sparse and passive reduction of massively coupled large multiport interconnects. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 622–626 (2007)
Odabasioglu, A., Celik, M., Pileggi, L.: PRIMA: passive reduced-order interconnect macromodeling algorithm. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 17(8), 645–654 (1998)
Parks, M.L., de Sturler, E., Mackey, G., Johnson, D.D., Maiti, S.: Recycling Krylov subspaces for sequences of linear systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 28(5), 1651–1674 (2006)
Saad, Y.: Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems, 2nd edn. SIAM Publications, Philadelphia (2003)
Simoncini, V., Gallopoulos, E.: An iterative method for nonsymmetric systems with multiple right-hand sides. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 16(4), 917–933 (1995)
Telichevesky, R., Kundert, K., White, J.: Efficient AC and noise analysis of two-tone RF circuits. In: Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, pp. 292–297 (1996)
Ye, Z., Zhu, Z., Phillips, J.R.: Generalized Krylov recycling methods for solution of multiple related linear equation systems in electromagnetic analysis. In: Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, pp. 682–687 (2008)
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation and by the Research Network SyreNe—System Reduction for Nanoscale IC Design, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF), grant no. 03BEPAE1. Responsibility for the contents of this publication rests with the authors. We would like to thank Timo Reis (TU Berlin) for helpful discussions on the positive realness conditions for matrices arising from RLC circuits.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Benner, P., Feng, L. (2011). Recycling Krylov Subspaces for Solving Linear Systems with Successively Changing Right-hand Sides Arising in Model Reduction. In: Benner, P., Hinze, M., ter Maten, E. (eds) Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 74. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0089-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0089-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0088-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0089-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)