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Satellites of Planets in the Solar System

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Water in the Universe

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 368))

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Abstract

The existence of water on the satellites of the planets of the solar system is discussed. The Galilean satellites of Jupiter, especially Europa, are very promising candidates for hosting an ocean of salty liquid water beneath a thick ice shield. The existence of a subsurface ocean on some satellites of Saturn like Titan is also reviewed. The latest results from the Cassini mission to Saturn concerning Titan and Enceladus are shown. The host planets of these satellites provide energy in the form of tidal interactions that keep the subsurface water reservoirs liquid. These objects may be also candidates for the search for extraterrestrial life. The existence of water on the Moon, a still controversial issue, is also reviewed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    1979, Voyager 1.

  2. 2.

    Also known by the designation E220.

  3. 3.

    This was an observation platform mounted on highly modified C-141A jet transport aircraft to observe in the infrared at a height of up to 14 km. With that instrument the atmosphere of Pluto was found in 1988.

  4. 4.

    This term denotes a geologic formation in which apparently similar material varies in age from place to place.

  5. 5.

    In geology, diapirs commonly intrude vertically upward along fractures or zones of structural weakness through denser overlying rocks.

  6. 6.

    The Galileo spacecraft was launched in October 1989; it arrived at Jupiter in 1995; on September 21, 2003, the mission was terminated by sending the orbiter into Jupiter’s atmosphere at a speed of nearly 50 km/s to avoid any chance of it contaminating local moons with bacteria from Earth.

  7. 7.

    The amount detected is extremely low: 8×10−8 to 4×10−10.

  8. 8.

    The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) consists of dual interferometers that measure infrared emission from atmospheres, rings, and surfaces over wavelengths from 7 to 1000 micrometers (1400 to 10 cm−1) to determine their composition and temperatures. It consists of a 50-cm telescope.

  9. 9.

    Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer.

  10. 10.

    Astronomy and Geophysics, Volume 49, Issue 2, p. 2.05.

  11. 11.

    Its apparent magnitude at mean distance of Saturn varies between 10.2 and 11.9 magnitudes.

  12. 12.

    It moves around the planet opposite to the planet’s rotation direction.

  13. 13.

    Also known as Deep Space Program Science Experiment, DSPSE.

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  1. Institut für Geophysik, Astrophysik und Meteorologie, Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Prof. Dr. Arnold Hanslmeier

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Hanslmeier, A. (2011). Satellites of Planets in the Solar System. In: Water in the Universe. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 368. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9984-6_4

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