Abstract
The innovation biographies of renewable energies allow us to draw conclusions about the particular course of each individual process as well as about the respective influencing factors. The analysis shows that each innovation process is individual, but that, at the same time, certain phase types occur in all processes examined. Despite such typical phases in innovation biographies, each process pursues its own dynamic and has its own distinctive features. On the other hand, the constellations revealed that the innovation processes are complex and that they are affected by a high degree of interaction and interdependency between the influencing factors. Renewable energies developed as a result of the interplay between technical, socio-economic and environmental driving forces. The processes can only be explained as resulting from the interaction of a variety of factors within the particular context of action. Governance plays a key role, but it cannot be isolated from other factors.
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The term “advocacy coalition” was coined by Paul A. Sabatier (1993). Advocacy-Koalitionen, Policy-Wandel und Policy-Lernen: Eine Alternative zur Phasenheuristik? A. Héritier (Ed.), Policy-Analyse. Kritik und Neuorientierung (pp. 116–148). PVS-Sonderheft 24, Opladen.
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The sources for the legal information used in this chapter are given in the Index of Legal Sources.
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Deep geothermal technologies were still in the making during the 1990s. The feed-in compensation could initially not induce any innovation in this sector though.
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An alliance of the Social Democratic Party and the Greens who were in power from 1998 to 2005.
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Cf. Index of Legal Sources.
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The Bundesnetzagentur is intended to ensure that the monopolized part of the grid is separated from the competitive energy sectors, thus guaranteeing fair conditions for competition and grid access. Its tasks cover the control of abusive practices as well as ensuring that the regulations for grid unbundling and system responsibility are complied with.
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Cf. Index of Legal Sources.
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Currently this concerned a Kyoto follow-up agreement with adequate targets and emission budgets.
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Cf.: Index of Legal Sources.
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Prior to 1991 grid operators were in a position to deny access to the grid, stating possible overloads or limited capacity of regional grids. In 1991 the StrEG legislated the right to feed electricity into the grid.
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Pipeline operators and major power utilities also operate biogas plants and semi-central block heating and generating plants.
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© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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Bruns, E., Ohlhorst, D., Wenzel, B., Köppel, J. (2011). Cross-Sectional Comparison. In: Renewable Energies in Germany’s Electricity Market. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9905-1_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9905-1_9
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