Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Geomagnetic Observations and Models

Part of the book series: IAGA Special Sopron Book Series ((IAGA,volume 5))

Abstract

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is an internationally agreed and widely used mathematical model of the Earth’s magnetic field of internal origin. It is produced and agreed under the auspices of IAGA. We describe its inception in the 1960s and how it has developed since. We also describe the current generation of the IGRF and potential future developments. Maps of the geomagnetic field derived from the IGRF and valid for 2010–2015 are also included.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Barraclough DR (1993) History and Development of the IGRF and DGRF series of geomagnetic reference field models. BGS Technical Report WM/93/26

    Google Scholar 

  • Barraclough, DR (1987) International geomagnetic reference field: the fourth generation. Phys Earth Planet In 48:279–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barton CE (1997) International geomagnetic reference field: the seventh generation. J Geomagn Geoelectr 49:123–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay CC, Maus S, Bondar T, Chambodut A, Chernova TA, Chulliat A, Golovkov VP, Hamilton B, Hamoudi M, Hulot G, Langlais B, Lesur V, Lowes FJ, Lühr H, Kuang W, Macmillan S, McLean S, Mandea M, Manoj C, Menvielle M, Michelis I, Olsen N, Rauberg J, Rother M, Sabaka TJ, Thebault E, Thomson AWP, Toffner-Clausen L, Wardinski I, Zvereva TI (2010) The 11th-generation international geomagnetic reference field. Geophys J Int (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hapgood MA, (1992) Space physics coordinate transformations: a user guide. Planet Space Sci 40:711–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hapgood MA, (1997) Corrigendum to space physics coordinate transformations: a user guide. Planet Space Sci 45:1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IAGA Division I Study Group on geomagnetic reference fields (1975) international geomagnetic reference field (1975). J Geomagnetics Geoelectrics 27:437–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Langel RA, (1992) International geomagnetic reference field: the sixth generation. J Geomagn Geoelectr 44:679–707

    Google Scholar 

  • Langel RA, Barraclough DR, Kerridge DJ, Golovkov VP, Sabaka TJ, Estes, RH (1988) Definitive IGRF models for 1945, 1950, 1955, and 1960. J Geomagn Geoelectr 40:645–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan S, Maus S, Bondar T, Chambodut A, Golovkov V, Holme R, Langlais B, Lesur V, Lowes F, Lühr H, Mai W, Mandea M, Olsen N, Rother M, Sabaka T, Thomson A, Wardinski I (2003) The 9th-generation international geomagnetic reference field. Geophys J Int 155:1051–1056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan S, Maus S (2005) International geomagnetic reference field—the tenth generation. Earth Planets Space 57:1135–1140

    Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan S, Chris T, Alan T (2009) Ascension and Port Stanley geomagnetic observatories and monitoring the South Atlantic Anomaly. Ann Geophys 52:83–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandea M, Macmillan S (2000) International geomagnetic reference field—the Eighth Generation, 2000. Earth Planets Space 52:1119–1124

    Google Scholar 

  • Peddie NW (1982) International geomagnetic reference field: the third generation. J Geomagn Geoelectr 34:309–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell CT (1971) Geophysical coordinate transformations. Cosmic Electrodyn 2:184–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsyganenko NA (2002) A model of the near magnetosphere with a dawn-dusk asymmetry—1. Mathematical Structure. J Geophys Res 107:A8. doi:10.1029/2001JA000219

    Google Scholar 

  • Zmuda AJ (1971) The international geomagnetic reference field 1965. In: Zmuda AJ (ed) World magnetic survey 1957–1969, IAGA Bulletin, No. 28, IUGG, Paris, pp 147–204

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. British Geological Survey, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK

    Susan Macmillan

  2. Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Christopher Finlay

Authors
  1. Susan Macmillan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christopher Finlay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan Macmillan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris G, Université Paris Diderot, rue Thomas Mann 5, Paris, 75205, France

    M. Mandea

  2. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany

    Monika Korte

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Macmillan, S., Finlay, C. (2011). The International Geomagnetic Reference Field. In: Mandea, M., Korte, M. (eds) Geomagnetic Observations and Models. IAGA Special Sopron Book Series, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation