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Selected Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere: Information from Cosmic Rays

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The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere

Part of the book series: IAGA Special Sopron Book Series ((IAGA,volume 4))

Abstract

The state of the magnetosphere is influenced by the effects driven from the solar surface. The models of geomagnetic field are parametrized by the magnetopshere activity indices which are related to IMF and solar wind characteristics. Cosmic rays could serve as a tool for “remote sensing” of the redistribution of IMF structure in interplanetary space and for checking validity of geomagnetic field models with external current systems. The anisotropy of cosmic rays observed on the ground is influenced by superposition of (a) interplanetary anisotropy due to transitional effects and by (b) variable transmissivity of magnetosphere itself. The possibilities to deconvolute the two dependences is discussed. Anisotropy observed at neutron monitors and muon telescopes just before the onset of some geomagnetic storms is reviewed. The changes of geomagnetic cut-off, structure of the transmissivity function and asymptotic directions for various geomagnetic field models during strong geomagnetic storms are discussed. Low altitude polar orbiting satellites with large geometric factors for high energy particles (e.g. CORONAS-F) are suitable for (a) estimates of energy spectra of solar or interplanetary accelerated particles by checking the outer zone boundary of trapping and for (b) checking how the different geomagnetic field models are fitting the observed trapped particle profiles in different local time sectors. Independently on the state of magnetosphere, the measurements of energetic “neutral emissions” (gammas and neutrons) near the Earth or on the ground, serve as indicator of acceleration processes on solar surface.

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Acknowlegements

Copyright permission of re-use of figure 18.1 by Springer as well as for re-use of figures 18.3 and 18.5 by Elsevier is acknowledged. KK wishes to acknowledge VEGA grant agency, Project 2/0081/10 for support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IEP SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia

    Karel Kudela

  2. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia

    Leonid L. Lazutin

Authors
  1. Karel Kudela
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  2. Leonid L. Lazutin
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Correspondence to Karel Kudela .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard-Smithsonian, Garden St. 60, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA

    Mari Paz Miralles

  2. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38205, Spain

    Jorge Sánchez Almeida

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Kudela, K., Lazutin, L.L. (2011). Selected Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere: Information from Cosmic Rays. In: Miralles, M., Sánchez Almeida, J. (eds) The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere. IAGA Special Sopron Book Series, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9787-3_18

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