Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Eutrophication: Threat to Aquatic Ecosystems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control

Abstract

Eutrophication was recognized as a pollution problem in European and North American lakes and reservoirs in the mid-twentieth century. Since then, it has become more widespread. Surveys showed that most of the lakes in Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Africa are found in eutrophic state. Eutrophication leads to significant changes in water quality. It lowers the value of surface waters for the industrial and recreational uses. The overpopulation of algae makes water unfit for swimming. The algae growing in long strands often twine around boat propellers and make boating difficult. Eutrophic waters tend to be scummy, cloudy, or even soupy green. The rapidly growing aquatic plants may wash onto the shores in storms or high winds, where these plants die, decay, and produce a bad smell all around such water bodies. The eutrophication in an aquatic ecosystem also causes significant changes in biodiversity. The eutrophication causes an increase in plant and animal biomass, frequency of algal blooms, growth of rooted plants, and decreases the species diversity. Due to eutrophication, an increase in turbidity and anoxic conditions occurs. Because of the high density of aquatic organisms in a eutrophic system, there is often a lot of competition for resources. This high degree of competition and high chemical or physical stress make the struggle for the survival in eutrophic systems higher. As a result the diversity of organisms is lower in eutrophic than in oligotrophic systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abe K, Imamki A, Hirano M et al (2002) Removal of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate ions from water by the aerial microalga (Trentepohlia aurea). J Appl Phycol 14:129–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi MR, Bani A (1999) A study on phytoplanktonic composition produced by fertilizers in warm water fish culture ponds. Iran J Nat Resour 52:23–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Alix MS, Scribailo RW (1998) Aquatic plant species diversity and floristic quality assessment of Saugany Lake, Indian. Proc Indian Acad Sci 107:123–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Aloo PA (2003) Biological diversity of the Yale Swamp lakes with special emphasis on fish species composition, in relation to changes in the lake Victoria Basin (Kenya): threats and conservation measures. Biodivers Conserv 12:905–920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amoras S, Bornette G (1999) Antagonistic and culminative: a predictive model based on aquatic vegetation in riverine wetlands. Arch Hydrobiol Suppl 115:311–327

    Google Scholar 

  • An KG, Kim DS (2003) Response of reservoir water quality to nutrient inputs from streams and in-lake fish farms. Water Air Soil Pollut 56:735–748

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson R, Tara-Carpenter SR, Lothrop RC et al (2000) Phosphorus flow in a water shed lake ecosystem. Ecosystems 3:561–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2002) Nutritional status and quality of water of a waste water pond in Aligarh showing blooms of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Shleid. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 2:185–189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2005) Studies on the role of selected household detergents in the eutrophication of freshwater ecosystem. Ph.D. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, 132 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2006a) Studies on the role of selected nutrient sources in the eutrophication of fresh water ecosystem. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 5:47–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2006b) Growth responses of Spirodela polyrhiza to selected detergent at varying temperature and pH conditions. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 5:399–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2007) Eutrophication studies in some freshwater ponds of Aligarh. Indian J Appl Pure Biol 22:21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2008) Remediation of eutrophic water using Lemna minor in a controlled environment. Afr J Aquat Sci 33:275–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2009a) Remediation of eutrophic water using Spirodela polyrhiza L. Shleid in controlled environment. Pan Am J Aquat Sci 4:52–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansari AA, Khan FA (2009b) Eutrophication studies on Jeffery canal of Aligarh. International conference on emerging technologies in environmental science and engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, October 26–28, pp 845–849

    Google Scholar 

  • Baattrup PA, Larsen SE, Riis T et al (2003) Composition and richness of macrophyte communities in small Danish steams – influence of environmental factors and weed cutting. Hydrobiology 495:171–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bales M, Moss B, Phillips G, Irvine K, Stansfield J et al (1993) The Changing ecosystem of a shallow brackish lake, Hickling Broad, Norfolk, UK. II. Long term trends in water chemistry and ecology and their implications for restoration of the lake. Freshw Biol 29:141–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barua D, Ghosh TK (2003) Growth performance of fish and fish food organism using various organic manures. Environ Ecol 21:33–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Bath KS, Jerath N, Kaur H et al (1998) Aquatic plant diversity of Harike reservoir (Punjab). Environ Ecol 16:665–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Beltman B, Barett PRF, Greaves MP, Murphy KJ, Pietirse AH, Wade PM, Mallsten M et al (1990) Aquatic macrophytes a useful tool against eutrophication. Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on aquatic weeds, Uppsala, Sweden, pp 35–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Berbeiri A, Simona M (2001) Trophic evolution of lake Lugano related to external load reduction: changes in phosphorus and nitrogen as well as oxygen balance and biological parameters. Lake Reservoir Res Manage 6:37–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg MSV, Scheffer M, Nes EH, Van Coops H, Walz N et al (1999) Dynamics and stability of Chara spp. and Potamogeton pectinatus in a shallow lake changing in eutrophic level. Hydrobiology 408–409:335–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berge D, Fjeld E, Hindar A, Kaste O et al (1997) Nitrogen retention in two Norwegian water courses of different trophic status. Nitrogen from mountains to Fjords. Ambio 26:282–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Best EPH, Vander Schaaf S, Oomes MJM (1995) Responses of restored grassland ditch vegetation to hydrological changes, 1989–1992. Vegetation 116:107–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt JP, Jain A, Bhaskar A, Pandit MK, Jain A et al (2001) Pre-impoundment study of biotic communities of Kishtobazar Nala in Purulia, west Bengal. Curr Sci 81:1332–1337

    Google Scholar 

  • Billore SK, Bharadio R, Kumar A et al (1998) Potential removal of particulate matter and nitrogen through roots of water hyacinth in a tropical natural wetland. Curr Sci 74:154–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Boqiang Q, Liuyan Y, Feizhou C, Guangwei Z, Lu Z, Yiyu C et al (2006) Mechanism and control of lake eutrophication. Chin Sci Bull 51:2401–2412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bornette G, Amoros C, Lamouroux N et al (1998) Aquatic plant diversity in riverine wetlands: the role of connectivity. Freshw Biol 39:267–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broderson KP, Odgaard BV, Anderson NJ et al (2001) Chironomid stratigraphy in the shallow and eutrophic lake Sobygaard, Denmark: chironomid macrophyte co-occurrence. Freshw Biol 46:253–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgi HR, Buhrer H, Keller B et al (2003) Long term changes in functional properties and biodiversity of plankton in lake response to phosphorus reduction. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manage 6:147–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns A, Ryder DS (2001) Potential for biofilms as biological indicators in Australia riverine system. Ecol Manage Restor 2:53–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers PA, Lacoul P, Murphy KJ, Thomaz SM et al (2008) Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:9–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrashekhar JS, Bahu Lenin K, Someshekhar RK et al (2003) Impact of urbanization on Bellandur lake Bangalore. A case study. J Environ Biol 24:223–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng J, Landesman L, Bergmann BA, Classen JJ, Howard JW, Yamamoto YT et al (2002a) Nutrient removal from by Lemna minor. Trans ASAE 45:1003–1010

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng X, Wang G, Zhang S, Chen B et al (2002b) Restoration and purification of macrophytes in an eutrophic lake during autumn and winter. Hupokexue 14:139–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colin RB, Robert E, Wreede D et al (2007) Do changes in seaweed biodiversity influence associated invertebrate epifauna? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 344:206–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conveney MF, Stites DL, Lowe EF, Battoe LE, Conrow R et al (2002) Nutrient removal from eutrophic lake water by wetland filtrations. Ecol Eng 19:141–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crain CM (2007) Shifting nutrient limitation and eutrophication effects in marsh vegetation across estuarine salinity gradients. Estuar Coast 30:26–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cristofor S, Vadineanu A, Sarbu A, Postolache C, Dobre R, Adamesu M et al (2003) Long-term changes of submerged macrophytes in the Lower Danube Wetland System Hydrobiologia 506–509:625–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Dam HV, Mertens A (1993) Diatoms on herbarium macrophytes as indicators for water quality. Hydrobiology 269–270:437–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov R, Ekelund NGA (1999) The efficiency of seven diversity and one similarity indices based on phytoplankton data for assessing the level of eutrophication in lakes in central Sweden. Sci Total Environ 234:15–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das BK (1999) Environmental pollution of Udaisagar lake and impact of phosphate mine, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Environ Geol 38:244–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies J (1997) Diversity and endemism in Philippine inland waters: implications for conservation and management. Sylvatrop Tech J Philipp Ecosyst Nat Res 7:55–70

    Google Scholar 

  • De Anda J, Harvey S, Utrich M, Gerhand R et al (2002) Phosphorus balance in lake Chapala (Mexico). J Great Lakes Res 26:129–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deegan LA, Wright A, Ayvazian SG, Finn JT, Golden H, Merson RP, Harrison J et al (2002) Nitrogen Loading alters seagrass ecosystem structure and support of higher trophic levels. Aquat Conserv 12:193–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Detembeck NE, Galatowitsch SM, Atkinson J, Ball H et al (1999) Evaluating perturbations and developing restoration strategies for inland wetland in the great lakes basin. Special issue: papers from temperate wetlands restoration workshop, Kempenfelt Center near Barrie, Ontario, Canada, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1995. Wetlands 19:789–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodds WK, Bouska WW, Eitzmann JL, Pilger TJ, Pitts KL, Riley AJ, Schloesser JT, Thornbrugh AJ et al (2009) Eutrophication of US freshwaters: analysis of potential economic damages. Environ Sci Technol 43(1):12–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donk EV, Hessen DO, Verschoor AM, Gulati RD et al (2008) Re-oligotrophication by phosphorus reduction and effects on seston quality in lakes. Limnologica 38:189–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egli T, Bally M, Vetz T et al (1990) Microbial degradation of chelating agents used in detergents with special reference to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Biodegradation 1:121–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emery SL, Perry JA (1996) Decomposition rates and phosphorus concentrations of purple loosestrife (L. salicaria) and cattail (Typha spp.) in fourteen Minnesota Wetlands. Hydrobiologia 323:129–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt KAM, Kadlec TA, Madsen JD et al (2001) Special traits species richness and the resilience of wetlands after disturbance. J Aquat Plant Manag 39:36–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt KAM, Ritchie ME (2001) Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services. Nature 411:687–689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira RCF, Graca MAS, Craveiro S, Santos LMA, Culp JM et al (2002) Integrated environmental assessment of BKME discharged to a Mediterranean river. Water Qual Res J Canada 37:181–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox LJ, Struik PC, Appleton BL, Rule JH et al (2008) Nitrogen phytoremediation by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). Water Air Soil Pollut 194:199–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foy RH, Lennox SD, Gibson CE et al (2003) Changing perspectives on the importance of urban phosphorus inputs as the cause of nutrient environment in Lough Neagh. Sci Total Environ 310:87–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garg T, Garg K (2002) Nutrient loading and its consequences in a lake ecosystem. Trop Ecol 43:355–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg J, Garg HK (2003) Algae as indicators of eutrophication: a microcosmal approach. Environ Ecol 21:313–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Garnier J, Billen G, Hannon E, Fonbonne S, Videnina Y, Soulie M et al (2002) Modelling the transfer and retention of nutrients in the drainage network of the Danube River. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 54:285–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson CE, Anderson NJ, Zhou Q, Allen M, Appliby PG et al (2003) Changes in sediment and diatom in lower Lough Erne c. 1920–90. Biol Environ 103B:31–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulati RD, Pires LMD, Donk EV et al (2008) Lake restoration studies: Failures, bottlenecks and prospects of new ecotechnological measures. Limnologica 38:233–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurbuz H, Kivrok E (2002) Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. J Environ Biol 23:239–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haberman J, Jaani A, Kangur K, Laugaste R, Milicus A, Maemets H, Pihu E et al (2000) Lake Peipsi and its ecosystem. Proc Estonian Acad Sci Bio Ecol 49:3–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Hameedi J, Paerl H, Kennish M, Whitall D et al (2007) Nitrogen deposition in US coastal bays and estuaries. Air and Waste Management Association, http://awma.org 19–25

  • Hariprasad P, Ram Krishnan N (2003) Algae assay used for the determination of organic pollution level in freshwater body at Tiruvannamalai, India. J Ecotoxicol Environ Monit 13:241–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He F, Wu ZB, Qiu DR. (2002) Allelopathic effects between aquatic plant (Potamogeton crispus) and algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) in enclosures at Donghu Lake. Acta Hydrobiol Sinic 26:421–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera SJA, Medina Gomez I, Celli R, Qrive E, Elliott M, de Jonge VN et al (2002) Trophic status based on nutrient concentration scales and primary producers community of tropical coastal lagoons influenced by ground water discharges. Hydrobiologia 475–476:91–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CC, Gey, Chang J, Qim CQ et al (1998) Relationship between transpiration and mineral absorption of 14 wild species cultured in eutrophic water. J Zhej Fores Sci Tech 18:3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Imteaz MA, Asaeda T, Loekington DA et al (2003) Modelling the effects of inflow parameters on lake water quality Environ Model Assess 8:63–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janse JH, Domis LNDS, Scheffer M, Lijklema L, Liere LV, Klinge M, Mooij WM et al (2008) Critical phosphorus loading of different types of shallow lakes and the consequences for management estimated with the ecosystem model PCLake. Limnologica 38:203–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppesen E, Sondergaard M, Kronvang B, Jensen JP, Svendsen LM, Brierly B, Phillips G et al (1999) Lake and Catchment management in Denmark. Hydrobiologia 395–396:419–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jha P, Barat S (2003) Hydrobiological study of lake Mirik in Darjeeling Himalayas. J Environ Biol 24:339–344

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juttner I, Sharma S, Dahl BM, Ormerod SJ, Chimonides PJ, Cox EJ, Sharma S et al (2003) Diatoms as indicators of stream quality in the Kathmandu valley and Middle Hills of Nepal and India. Freshw Biol 48:2065–2084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kauppila T, Valpola SE (2003) Response of a shallow boreal lake to recent nutrient enrichment: implication for diatom-based phosphorus reconstructions. Hydrobiologia 495:47–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaussouris TS, Diapoulis AC, Bertahas IT et al (1991) Evaluating trophic status and restoration procedures of a polluted lake, lake Kastoria, Greece. Geojournal 23:153–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Korner S, Vermaat JE, Veenstra S et al (2003) The Capacity of duckweed to treat waste water. Ecological considerations for a sound design. J Environ Qual 32:1583–1590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korner S, Vermatt JE (1998) The relative importance of L. gibba L, bacteria and algae for the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in duckweed covered domestic water. Water Res 32:3651–3661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koteswari YN, Romanibai R (2003) The effect of tannery effluent on the colonization rate of planktons: a micro study. Turk J Biol 27:163–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs M, Turcsanyi G, Kaszab L, Pewcosza K, Otvos E (1996) Distribution of chemical elements in the reed- and cattail beds of lake Balaton. Bull Univ Agric Sci Godol 1:21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Kufel L (2001) Uncoupling of chlorophyll and nutrients in lakes—possible reasons, expected consequences. Hydrobiologia 443:59–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau SSS, Lane SN (2002a) Biological and chemical factors influencing shallow lake eutrophication: a long term study. Sci Total Environ 288:167–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau SSS, Lane SN (2002b) Nutrient and grazing factors in relation to phytoplankton level in a eutrophic sallow lake: the effect of low macrophyte abundance. Water Res Oxf 36:3593–3601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leaf SS, Chatterjee R (1999) Developing a strategy on eutrophication. Water Sci Technol 39:307–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee D, Lee DK (2002) Biological control of Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera, Culicidae) by the release of fish muddy loach, Misgurnus mizolepis in natural ponds, Korea. Korean J Entomol 32:43–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann A, Lachavanne JB (1999) Changes in the water quality of lake Geneva indicated by submerged macrophytes. Freshw Biol 42:457–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leland HV, Porter SD (2000) Distribution of benthic algae in the upper Illinois River basin in relation to geology and land use. Freshw Biol 44:279–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leon B, Young KR (1996) Aquatic plants of Peru: diversity distribution and conservation. Biodivers Conserv 5:1169–1190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li WC, Wang R, Yan J, Mitsch WJ et al (1998) Utilization of aquatic macrophytes in grass carp farming in Chinese shallow lakes. Ecol Eng 11:61–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz C M (2003) Bioindicators for ecosystem management, with special reference to freshwater systems In B. A. Markert, A. M. Breure & H. G. Zechmeister (eds.), Bioindicators and biomonitors: Principles, concepts and applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 123–152

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lougheed VL, Chow FP (2002) Development and use of a zooplankton index of wetland quality in the Laurentian Great lakes basin. Ecol Appl 12:474–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mainstone CP, William P (2002) Phosphorus in rivers ecology and management. Sci Total Environ 282–283:25–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manchanda H, Kaushik A (2000) Algae flora of the Aridisols of Rohtak and salt tolerance of the indigenous cyanobacteria. Trop Ecol 41:217–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin K, Saverborn J (2000) Aquatic wild plant as a keytone species in a traditional Philippine rice growing system: its agroecological implications. Ann Trop Res (Philipp) 22:1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer J, Dokulil MT, Salbrechter M, Berger M, Posch T, Pfister G, Kirschner AKT, Velinirov B, Steitz A, Ulbricht T, Rybak JI et al (1997) Seasonal succession and trophic relations between phytoplankton, zooplankton ciliate and bacteria in hypertrophic shallow lake in Vienna, Austria. Hydrobiologia 342–343:165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre NR, Wagener T, Wheater HS, Chapra SC et al (2003) Risk-based modelling of surface water quality: a case study of the Charles River, Massachusetts. J Hydrol Amest 274:225–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mihaljevic M, Novoselic DC (2000) Trophic state of lake Sakadas (Nature Reserve Kopački Rit, Croatia) in the late autumnal and winter period of 1997/98. Period Biol 102:253–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra KK, Rai UN, Prakash O et al (2007) Bioconcentration and phytotoxicity of Cd in Eichhornia crassipes. Environ Monit Assess 130:237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra VK, Tripathi BD (2009) Accumulation of chromium and zinc from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). J Hazard Mater 164(2–3):1059–1063

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncheva S, Doncheva V, Shtereva G, Kamburska L, Melaj A, Gorinstein S, Mihailov G et al (2002) Application of eutrophication indices for assessment of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coastal ecosystem ecological quality. Water Sci Technol 46:19–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori ES, Gouvea CF, Leite SMM, Marino CL, Martins D, Velini ED et al (1999) Genetic characterization of Egeria najas presented in the Jupia lake and its tributaries. Plant Daninha 17:217–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosier AR, Bleken MA, Chaiwanakput P, Ellis EC, Freney JR, Howarth RB, Matson PA, Minami K, Naylar R, Weeks KN, Zhu Z, Chaiwankupt P et al (2001) Policy implication of human accelerated nitrogen cycling. Biogeochemistry 52:281–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller DK, Helsel DR (1999) Nutrient in the nations water too much of good thing. United States Ecological Survey Circulation, Denver, CO, p 1136

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy KJ, Dickinson G, Thomaz SM, Bini LM, Dick K, Greaves K, Kennedy MP, Livingstone S, Mc Ferran H, Milhe JM, Oldroyd J, Wingfield RA et al (2003) Aquatic plant communities and predictors of diversity in a subtropical river flood plain: the upper Rio Parana Brazil. Aquat Bot 77:257–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nehring S, Welling M (2003) Alien Species in German water a risk for biodiversity. Erfassung Monitor Riskoanal 498:40–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni L, Xie P (1999) Experimental studies on the growth of Potamogeton maackianus A. under low light stress in highly eutrophic water. Acta Hydrobiol Sin 23:53–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls KH, Steedman RJ, Carney EC et al (2003) Changes in phytoplankton communities fallowing logging in the drainage basins of three boreal forests lakes in northern western Ontario (Canada), 1991–2000. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 60:43–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen SL, Sand Jensen K, Borum J, Geertz Hansen O et al (2002) Phytoplankton, nutrients and transparency in Danish coastal waters. Estuaries 25:930–937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notestein SK, Frozer TK, Hoyer MV, Confield DE et al (2003) Nutrient limitation of periphyton in a sprung fed coastal stream in Florida, USA. J Aquat Plant Manag 41:57–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Novelo E, Tavera R (2003) The role of periphyton in the regulation of supply of nutrients in a wetland at Ei Eden Quintana Roo. In: Gomez Pompa A, Allen MF, Fedick SL, Jimenez Osarnio JJ (eds) The lowland Maya area three millennia at the human wild land interface. The Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY, pp 217–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Occhipiniti AA, Savini D (2003) Biological invasions as a component of global changes in stressed marine ecosystems. Mar Poll Bull 46:542–551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Opuszyunski K, Shireman JV (1995) Herbivorous fishes. Culture and use for weed management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Otahel OH, Valachavic M (2002) Effects of the Gabcikovo hydroelectric station on aquatic vegetation of the Danube River (Slovakia). Preslia 74:323–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl HW, Valdes LM, Pinckney JL, Piehler MF, Dyble J, Moisander PH et al (2003) Phytoplankton photopigments as indicators of estuarine and coastal eutrophication. Biol Sci 53:953–964

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelechaty M, Machowiak D, Kostrzewski A, Siwecki R et al (1997) The diversity and quality of the dominant types of habitats of the Jaroslawieckie lake due to perennial changes of micro and macrophytes. Morena-Prau-Wielkopolskiego-Parku-Narodowego 5:53–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Penelope RV, Charles RV (1992) Water resources and the quality of natural waters. Jones and Barbett Publishers, London, pp 395–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng YH, Jian XX, Wang JB, Chen JK et al (2003) Effects of a drought on aquatic plant diversity in lake Changhu of Hubei province in China. Acta Hydrobiol Sin 27:149–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Penning WE, Dudley B, Mjelde M, Hellsten S, Hanganu J, Kolada A, Berg MVD, Poikane S, Phillips G, Willby N, Ecke F et al (2008) Using aquatic macrophyte community indices to define the ecological status of European lakes. Aquat Ecol 42:253–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persic V, Horvatić J, Has-Schön E, Bogut I et al (2009) Changes in N and P limitation induced by water level fluctuations in Nature Park Kopački Rit (Croatia): nutrient enrichment bioassay. Aquat Ecol 43:27–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrucio MM, Estaves FA (2000) Uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata. Rev Bras Biol 60:229–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips G (1999) Lake and catchment management in Denmark. Hydrobiologia 395–396:419–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Poister D, Armstrong DE (2003) Seasonal sedimentation trends in a mesotrophic lake: influence of diatoms for phosphorus dynamics. Biogeochemistry 65:1–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porrello S, Lenzi M, Persia E, Tomassetti P, Finonia MG et al (2003) Reduction of aquaculture wastewater eutrophication by phytotreatment pond system. Aquaculture 219:515–529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porteilje R, Rijsdijk RE (2003) Stochastic modelling of nutrient loading and lake ecosystem response in relation of submersed macrophytes and benthivorous fishes. Freshw Biol 48:741–755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pybus C, Pybus MJ, Ragnebron TL et al (2003) Phytoplankton and charophytes of Lough Bunny Co. Clare. Biol Environ 1033:177–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Quiros R, Rennella AM, Boveri MB, Rosso JJ, Soinovsky A et al (2002) Factors affecting the structure and functioning of shallow pampean lakes. Ecol Aust 12:175–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KR, Be Bush WF (1991) Decomposition of water hyacinth detritus in eutrophic lake water. Hydrobiologia 211:101–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice PJ, Anderson TA, Coats JR (1997) Phytoremediation of herbicide contaminated surface water with aquatic plants. In: Kruger EL, Anderson TA, Coats JR (eds) Phytoremediation of soil and water contaminants. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 133–151

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Riis T, Sand JK (1998) Development of vegetation and environmental conditions in an oligotrophic Danish lake over 40 years. Freshw Biol 40:123–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robb M, Greenop B, Goss Z, Douglas G, Adeney J, Kronvang B et al (2003) Application of Phoslock TM an innovative phosphorus binding clay, to two western Australian. Water ways: preliminary findings. Hydrobiologia 494:237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo MA, Roja C, Armengol X, Padisok J, Toth LG, Herodek S, Miberlyl SC, Tatrai I, Voras L et al (2003) Plankton biodiversity in a land scope of shallow water bodies (Mediterranean Coast, Spain). Hydrobiologia 506–509:317–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers KM (2003) Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes signatures indicate recovery of marine biota from sewage pollution at Moa point New Zealand. Mar Poll Bull 46:821–827

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romermann C, Tackenberg O, Poschlod AJKP et al (2008) Eutrophication and fragmentation are related to species’ rate of decline but not to species rarity: results from a functional approach. Biodivers Conserv 17:591–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose A, Sedwin E (2000) Studies of waste water treatment by Lemna minor. J Environ Biol 21:43–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rovira JL, Pardo P (2006) Nutrient pollution of waters: eutrophication trends in European marine and coastal environments. Contrib Sci 3:181–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruley JE, Rusch KA (2002) An assessment of long term post-restoration water quality trends in a shallow subtropical urban, hypereutrophic lake. Ecol Eng 11:265–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadusso MM, Morana LB (2002) Comparison of biotic indexes utilized in the monitoring of lotic systems of Northeast Argentina. Rev Biol Trop 50:327–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez Carllo S, Alvarez CM (2001) Nutrient dynamics and eutrophication patterns in a semiarid wetland: the effects of fluctuating hydrology. Water Air Soil Pollut 131:97–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sand JK, Riis T, Vestergaard O, Larsen SE et al (2000) Macrophyte decline in Danish lakes and streams over the past 100 years. J Ecol 88:1030–1040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schelske CL (1989) Assessment of nutrient effects and nutrient limitation in lake Okeechobee. Water Resour Bull 25:1119–1130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmieder K, Tremolieres M, Muller S et al (1995) Application of geographic information system (GIS) in lake monitoring with submersed macrophytes at Lake Constance conception and purposes. Acta Bot Gallica 142:551–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnitzler A, Eglin I, Robach F, Tremolieres M et al (1996) Response of aquatic macrophyte communities to levels of P and N in an old swamp of the Upper Rhine Plain (Eastern France). Ecology 27:51–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpley A (1999) Agricultural phosphorus, water quality and poultry production: are they compatible? Poult Sci 78:660–673

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen DS (2002) Study on limiting factors of water eutrophication of the network of river in plain. J Zhej Univ Agri Life Sci 28:94–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava S, Shukla AN, Roa KS et al (2003) Biodiversity of Undasa wetland Ujjain (India) with special reference to its conservation. J Exp Zool 6:125–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh HP, Mahevar LR, Mishra JP (1999) Impact of industrial and sewage waste on water qualities in middle stretch of river Ganga from Kanpur to Varanasi. J Environ Biol 20:279–285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha A (2001) Study of water pollution of Najafgarh drain, Delhi on the basis of algae pollution indices. J Ecol Taxon Bot 25:339–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith VH (2003) Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystem: a global problem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 10:126–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith VM (2007) Using primary productivity as an index of coastal eutrophication: the unit of measurement matter. J Plant Res 29:1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith D, Mathew EM, Craig B, Dean FM et al (2004) Uptake of phosphate and nitrate using laboratory cultures of Lemna minor L. Fla Sci 67:105–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smolders AJP, Roelofs JGM, Hartog Cden, Tremoliers M, Muller S et al (1995) Internal eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems: mechanism and possible remedies. Acta Bot Gallica 142:707–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Solinska GB, Symoides E (2001) Long term changes in the flora and vegetation of lake Mikolayskie (Poland) as a result of its eutrophication. Acta Soc Bot Pol (Pol) 70:323–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommaruga R, Cande D, Casal JA et al (1995) The role of fertilizers and detergents for eutrophication in Uruguay. Fresenius Environ Bull 4:111–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stojanovic S, Kalibarda P, Nikolic IJ, Lozic D et al (1999) Hydrophytes of the Tisza River (Serbia, Yugoslavia) with respect to bioindication. Jugosloven drustvoz zastit voda, pp 243–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoyneva MP (2003) Survey on green algae of Bulgarian thermal springs. Biologia Bratisl 58:563–574

    Google Scholar 

  • Sujatha SD, Sathyanarayan S, Satish PN, Nagarju D et al (2001) A sewage and sludge treated care and its impact on the environment, Mysore, India. Environ Geol 40:1209–1213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundback K, Miles A, Hulth S, Pihl L, Engstrom P, Selander E, Svenson A et al (2003) Importance of benthic nutrient regeneration during initiation of macroalgal blooms in Sallow bays. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 246:115–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney RA (1979) Environmental impact of reduction of phosphate content of detergent in the great lakes basin. Proceedings of the 22nd conference on international association for Great Lakes research, Rochester, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Takamura N, Kadono Y, Fukushima M, Nakagawa M, Kim BHO et al (2003) Effects of aquatic macrophytes on water quality and phytoplankton communities in shallow lakes. Ecol Res 18:381–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theibaut G, Muller S (1998) The impact of eutrophication on aquatic macrophyte diversity in weakly mineralized streams in the Northern Vosges mountains (NE France). Biodivers Conserv 7:1051–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JD, Daldorph PWG (1994) The influence of nutrient and organic enrichment on a community dominated by macrophytes and gastropod molluscs in eutrophic drainage channel: relevance to snail control and conservation. J Appl Ecol 31:571–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toderas I, Vdimirov M, Ungureance L, Vicol M, Shubernetski J, Ustii M, Climenco C, Kiseliova O, Toderas A, Mustata G et al (2001) Biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystems from the Republic of Moldova (Problems, realization and perspectives), Agigea, Romania, pp 126–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracy M, Montante JM, Allenson TE, Hough RA et al (2003) Long term responses of aquatic macrophyte diversity and community structure to variation in nitrogen loading. Aquat Bot 77:43–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tremp H (2007) Spatial and environmental effects on hydrophytic macrophyte occurrence in the Upper Rhine floodplain (Germany). Hydrobiologia 586:167–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tremp H, Kohler A, Tremolieres M, Muller S et al (1995) The usefulness of macrophytes monitoring systems, exemplified on eutrophication and acidification of running waters. Acta Bot Gallica 142:541–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Triantafyllou G, Petihakis G, Costas D, Theodorus A et al (2001) Assessing marine ecosystem response to nutrient inputs. Mar Pollut Bull 43:175–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi BD, Alka RU et al (2003) Dairy effluent polishing by aquatic macrophytes. Water Air Soil Pollut 143:377–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Troell M, Ronnback P, Halling C, Kautsy N, Buschmann A, Brown MT et al (1999) Ecological engineering in aquaculture: use of seaweeds for removing nutrients from intensive mariculture. J Appl Phycol 11:89–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunner RE, Robalais NN, Justic D, Dortch Q et al (2003) Future aquatic nutrient limitations. Mar Pollut Bull 46:1032–1034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tusseau-Vuillemin MH (2001) Do food processing industries contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic system? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 50:142–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Twisk W, van Strien AJ, Kruk M, de Graaf HJ, ter Keurs WJ, Boatman N (1994) Conservation and restoration of species rich ditch bank vegetation on modern dairy farms. Proceedings of symposium, Convert, UK, 18–20 April 1994, pp 167–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Vadineau A, Cristofor S, Ignat G et al (1992) Phytoplankton and submerged macrophytes in the aquatic ecosystems of the Danube Delta during the last decade. Hydrobiologia 243–244:141–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaithiyanathan P, Richardson CJ (1999) Macrophyte species changes in the everglades: examination along a eutrophication gradient. J Environ Qual 28:1347–1358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vermatt EJ, Khalid HM (1998) Performance of common duckweed species (Lemnaceae) and the water fern Azolla filiculoides on different types of waste water. Water Res 32:2569–2576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinebrooke RD, Cottingham KL, Norberg J, Scheffer M, Dodson SI, Maberly SC, Sommer U, Giller PS et al (2004) Impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the role of species co-tolerance. Oikos 104:451–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker I, Miyai P, Melo MDA et al (1999) Observations on aquatic macrophyte dynamics in the reservoir of the Balbina hydroelectric power plant, Amagonas state, Brazil. Acta Amazon 29:243–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang GX, Pu PM, Zhang SZ, Hu CH, Hu WP et al (1999a) The purification ability of aquatic macrophytes for eutrophic lake water in winter. China Environ Sci 19:106–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei B, Sugivra N, Maekawat T et al (2000) Evaluation of trophic state of eutrophicated lake and biotic response from algal community level. Environ Technol 21:1047–1053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weimin C, Yuwei C, Xiyum G, Yoshida I et al (1997) Eutrophication of lake Taihu and its control. Int Agric Eng J 6:109–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen L, Recknagel F (2002) In situ removal of phosphorus in irrigation drainage water by planted floats: preliminary results from growth chamber experiment. Agric Ecosyst Environ 90:9–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams VP (2001) Effects of point source removal on lake water quality: a case history of lake Tohopekaliga, Florida USA. Lake Reservoir Manage 17:315–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter JG, Duthie HC (2000) Epilithic diatoms as indicators of stream total N and total P concentration. J North Am Benthol Soc 19:32–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worm B, Heike KL (2006) Effects of eutrophication, grazing, and algal blooms on rocky shores. Limnol Oceanogr 51:569–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wyehera U, Dirry P, Janauer GA, Barrett PRF, Greaves MP, Murphy KJ, Pieterse AH, Wade PM, Wansten M (1990) Macrophytes of the “New Danube” (Vienna): Biological and management aspects. In Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, Uppsala, Sweden 249–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia H, Xiangjuan M (2006) Phytoremediation of ethion by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from water. Bioresour Technol 97:1050–1054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Yan B, He Y, Song C (2007) Nutrient limitation and wetland botanical diversity in Northeast China: Can fertilization influence on species richness. Soil Sci 172:86–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin KD (2002) Monsoonal influence on seasonal variations in nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in coastal waters of Hong Kong in the vicinity of the Pearl River estuary. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 245:111–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zalewski M, Santiago FV, Neate J et al (2003) Energy, water, plant interactions: green feed back as a mechanism for environmental management and control through the application of phytotechnology and ecohydrology. Hydrob Process 17:2753–2767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao W, Dong SL, Zheng WG, Zhang ZQ (2000) Effects of Nile tilapia on plankton in enclosures with different treatment in saline-alkaline ponds. Zool Res 21:108–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhenbin W, Qiu D, He F, Fu G, Cheng S, Ma J et al (2003) Effects of rehabilitation of submerged macrophytes on nutrient level of a eutrophic lake. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 14:1351–1353

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou W, Zhu D, Tan L, Liao S, Hu H, David H et al (2007) Extraction and retrieval of potassium from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Bioresour Technol 98:226–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Abid A. Ansari & Fareed A. Khan

  2. Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Sarvajeet S. Gill

  3. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, India

    Sarvajeet S. Gill

Authors
  1. Abid A. Ansari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sarvajeet S. Gill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fareed A. Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abid A. Ansari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India

    Abid A. Ansari

  2. Engineering & Biotechnology, Plant Molecular Biology Grop, International Centre for Genetic, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

  3. , Department of Natural Resources Conserva, University of Massachusetts, 326 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, 01003-9285, USA

    Guy R. Lanza

  4. , Department of Biology, Texas State University, University Drive 601, San Marcos, 78666, Texas, USA

    Walter Rast

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ansari, A.A., Gill, S.S., Khan, F.A. (2010). Eutrophication: Threat to Aquatic Ecosystems. In: Ansari, A., Singh Gill, S., Lanza, G., Rast, W. (eds) Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9625-8_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation