Abstract
Although jellyfish blooms are a focus of recent research, the roles that the developmental stages of species play are underestimated. Planulae, polyps and ephyrae are inconspicuous and often overlooked. The importance of production of ephyrae from the sessile polyps has become more apparent. Our objective was to establish an identification system for early ephyrae of scyphozoan species in plankton samples. We studied ephyrae of 18 species. Standard measurements were introduced and the variability of marginal lappets analysed. Characters differentiating the 18 species are described. Photographs and drawings of each species are presented as a catalogue of ephyrae of these species. We developed a key for identification of the 18 species.
Guest editors: J. E. Purcell & Dror Angel / Jellyfish Blooms: New Problems and Solutions
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, L., 2008. Vegetative Vermehrung von Sanderia malayensis Goette, 1886 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae). Diplomarbeit, Universität Hamburg: 1–89.
Backhaus, K., B. Erichson, W. Plinke & R. Weiber, 2006. Multivariate Analysemethoden: Eine anwendungsorientierte Einfuehrung. 11. Auflage, Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg: 1–14.
Chen, J. & G. Ding, 1983. Effect of temperature on the strobilation of jellyfish (Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye – Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) (in Chinese). Acta Zoolologica Sinica 29: 195–206.
Claus, C., 1884. Die Ephyren von Cotylorhiza und Rhizostoma. Zoologisches Institut Wien 5: 1–10.
Delap, M. J., 1901. Notes on the rearing of Chrysaora isosceles in an aquarium. Irish Nature 10: 25–28, pl. 1, 2.
Delap, M. J., 1905. Notes on the rearing, in an aquarium, of Cyanea lamarcki, Péron & Lesueur. Report of Sea and Fisheries Ireland (1902–3), pt II, Scientific Investigations 20–22, pl. I–II.
Delap, M. J., 1906. Notes on the rearing, in an aquarium, of Aurelia aurita, L. and Pelagia perla (Slabber). Report of Sea and Fisheries Ireland (1901–1904), pt II, Scientific Investigations 22–26, pl. I–II.
Ding, G. & J. Chen, 1981. The life history of Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye. Journal of Fisheries of China 5: 93–104.
Gohar, H. A. F. & A. M. Eisawy, 1960a. The biology of Cassiopea andromeda (with a note on the Species Problem). Publications Marine Biological Station, Al-Ghardaqa 11: 3–39.
Gohar, H. A. F. & A. M. Eisawy, 1960b. The development of Cassiopea andromeda (Scyphomedusae). Publications Marine Biological Station, Al-Ghardaqa 11: 148–190.
Gröndahl, F. & L. Hernroth, 1987. Release and growth of Cyanea capillata (L.) ephyrae in the Gullmar Fjord, Western Sweden. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 106: 91–101.
Higgins, J. E., M. D. Ford III & J. H. Costello, 2008. Transitions in morphology, nematocyst distribution, fluid motions, and prey capture during development of the scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata. Biological Bulletin 214: 29–41.
Holst, S., 2008. Grundlagen der Populationsentwicklung verschiedener Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) der Deutschen Bucht. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg: 1–154.
Holst, S. & G. Jarms, 2006. Substrate choice and settlement preferences of planula larvae of five Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) from German Bight, North Sea. Marine Biology 151: 863–871.
Holst, S., I. Sötje, H. Tiemann & G. Jarms, 2007. Life cycle of the rhizostome jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus (L.) (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae), with studies on cnidocysts and statoliths. Marine Biology 151: 1695–1710.
Jarms, G., 1990. Neubeschreibung dreier Arten der Gattung Nausithoe (Coronata, Scyphozoa) sowie Wiederbeschreibung der Art Nausithoe marginata Kölliker, 1853. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums und Instituts 87: 7–39.
Kikinger, R., 1992. Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) – life history of a stationary population. Marine Ecology 13: 333–362.
Maretič, Z., D. Matič-Piantanida & J. Ladavač, 1991. The bloom of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the Mediterranean and Adriatic and its impact on human health. Proceedings of the II Workshop of Jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea, 1–5 September 1987. Mediterranean Action Plan Technical Reports Series No. 47. United Nations Environment Program, Athens: 260–267.
Mills, C. E., 2001. Jellyfish blooms: are populations increasing globally in response to changing ocean conditions? Hydrobiologia 451: 55–68.
Morandini, A. C., F. L. da Silveira & G. Jarms, 2004. The life cycle of Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Discomedusae, Semaeostomeae, Pelagiidae) with notes on the scyphistoma stage of three other species. Hydrobiologia 530(531): 347–354.
Pitt, K. A., 2000. Life history and settlement preferences of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Marine Biology 136: 269–279.
Purcell, J. E., S.-i. Uye & W.-T. Lo, 2007. Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans: a review. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350: 153–174.
Russell, F. S., 1970. II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. In Russell, F. S. (ed.), The Medusae of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, London, New York: 1–283.
Sugiura, Y., 1963. On the life-history of rhizostome medusae. I. Mastigias papua L. Agassiz. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 36: 194–202.
Sugiura, Y., 1966. On the life-history of rhizostome medusae IV. Cephea cephea. Embryologia 9: 105–122.
Tronolone, V. B., A. C. Morandini & A. E. Migotto, 2002. On the occurrence of Scyphozoa ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the Southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2: 1–18.
Uchida, T., 1926. The anatomy and development of a rhizostome medusa, Mastigias papua L. Agassiz, with observations on the phylogeny of Rhizostomae. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section VI – Zoology 1: 45–95.
Uchida, T. & Z. Nagao, 1963. The metamorphosis of the scyphomedusa, Aurelia limbata (Brandt). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 36: 83–91.
Uchida, T. & Y. Sugiura, 1975. On the ephyra and postephyra of a semaeostome medusa, Sanderia malayensis Goette. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology 19: 879–881.
Uchida, T. & Y. Sugiura, 1978. On the polyp of the scyphomedusa, Sanderia malayensis and its reproduction. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology 21: 279–285.
Wanker, R. & J. Fischer, 2001. Intra- and interindividual variation in the contact calls of spectacled parrolets (Forpus conspicillatus). Behaviour 138: 709–726.
Widmer, C. L., 2006. Life cycle of Phacellophora camtschatica (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Invertebrate Biology 125: 83–90.
Williams, J. A., P. J. Fenner, J. W. Burnett & J. F. Rifkin (ed.), 1996. Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals – A Medical and Biological Handbook. University North South Wales Press, Australia: 63–415.
You, K., C. Ma, H. Gao, F. Li, M. Zhang, Y. Qui & B. Wang, 2007. Research on the jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye) and associated aquaculture techniques in China: current status. International Aquaculture 15: 479–488.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Straehler-Pohl, I., Jarms, G. (2010). Identification key for young ephyrae: a first step for early detection of jellyfish blooms. In: Purcell, J.E., Angel, D.L. (eds) Jellyfish Blooms: New Problems and Solutions. Developments in Hydrobiology 212, vol 212. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9541-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9541-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-9540-4
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-9541-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)