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Soil, Water and Climate Related Constraints for Crop Production in Bangladesh

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Climate Change and Food Security in South Asia

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Abstract

The crop production situation in Bangladesh is becoming worse due to a range of soil, water and climate related constraints. Global warming and climate change phenomena exacerbate this situation. Declining soil fertility, accelerated soil erosion and soil salinity are the major soil related constraints to crop production. About 0.87 million hectares (Mha) of land is affected by different degrees of salinity and about 1.74 Mha is prone to soil erosion. The rise of 3°C atmospheric temperature would cause an 11% decrease in soil organic matter (SOM) content. Judicious use of chemical fertilizer and increasing use of organic manure with legume based cropping pattern can restore soil fertility. Shortage of water in the dry season and abundance of water in the rainy season are the main water-related ­constraints. Winter (boro) season rice cultivation using a huge amount of ground water creates arsenic contamination in soil and water. Less water consumptive crops should be selected in the rabi season. Climatic changes results in natural hazards like floods, drought and cyclones. Short duration and increasing temperature are the recent trends of the winter season in Bangladesh. Therefore, appropriate crop variety (heat and salt tolerant), improved crop management, fertilizer use, water management and agronomic practices are needed to alleviate these constraints.

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Abbreviations

As:

Arsenic

B:

Boron

BARI:

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

BR 22:

Bangladesh Rice 22

BR 23:

Bangladesh Rice 23

CO2:

Carbon di-oxide

Fe:

Iron

GHGs:

Green House Gases

HYVs:

High Yielding Varieties

IPNS:

Integrated Plant Nutrient System

Mha:

Million hectares

Mt:

Metric Ton

Na:

Sodium (Natrium)

NCA:

Net Cultivated Area

OM:

Organic Matter

P:

Phosphorus

S:

Sulphur

SOM:

Soil Organic Matter

T.aman:

Transplanted Aman

T.wet:

Transplanted wet

WUE:

Water Use Efficiency

Zn:

Zinc

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Acknowledgement

Authors acknowledge the support from the library of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Department of Environment and Meteorology. Field research was done on soil erosion at Hill Agriculture Research Station, BARI, Ramgargh. Data were collected from secondary sources and in consultation with the respective resource personnel.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh

    M. Shahabuddin Khan, Ranjit Sen, Shamsun Noor, Habib Mohammad Naser & Md. Khairul Alam

Authors
  1. M. Shahabuddin Khan
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  2. Ranjit Sen
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  3. Shamsun Noor
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  4. Habib Mohammad Naser
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  5. Md. Khairul Alam
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Shahabuddin Khan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Coffey Rd 2021, COLUMBUS, 43210-1043, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

  2. Div. Agricultural Meteorology, World Meteorological Organization, avenue de la Paix 7bis, Geneve, 1211, Switzerland

    Mannava V.K. Sivakumar

  3. , Dept. of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    S.M.A. Faiz

  4. , Dept. of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    A.H.M. Mustafizur Rahman

  5. OARDC Piketon Station, Shyville Road 1864, Piketon, 45661, USA

    Khandakar R. Islam

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Khan, M.S., Sen, R., Noor, S., Naser, H.M., Alam, M.K. (2010). Soil, Water and Climate Related Constraints for Crop Production in Bangladesh. In: Lal, R., Sivakumar, M., Faiz, S., Mustafizur Rahman, A., Islam, K. (eds) Climate Change and Food Security in South Asia. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9516-9_31

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