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Chapter 16 C4 Photosynthesis Origins in the Monocots: A Review and Reanalysis

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C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 32))

Summary

C4 photosynthesis in the monocots occurs in species from three lineages: the Alismatales, Cyperaceae, and Poaceae. Previous estimates of C4 origins in the monocots have suggested one origin of C4 within the Alismatales, at least four origins in the Cyperaceae, and at least four (and likely more) origins in the Poaceae. The present Chapter explores the numbers of origins of C4 in these three lineages further, summarizing the literature and reanalyzing the phylogenetic and photosynthetic pathway data for Panicoideae grasses, using Bayesian estimation of tree topologies and stochastic mapping of photosynthetic pathway characteristics. These results suggest that there have been a minimum of 24 separate C4 origins in the monocots: 2 Alismatales, 5 Cyperaceae, and 17 Poaceae, and that transition frequencies and directions among photosynthetic pathway characteristics in the Panicoideae grasses are more complex than previously estimated. Further, the lack of species-level phylogenies and photosynthetic pathway characterizations in several lineages (particularly Cyperaceae and Chloridoideae grasses) preclude robust estimates of photosynthetic pathway origins and transitions. A concerted effort is needed to clarify these issues.

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Abbreviations

CAM:

Crassulacean acid metabolism

CCM:

CO2 concentrating mechanism

NAD-ME:

NAD-malic enzyme

NADP-ME:

NADP-malic enzyme

PCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

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  1. School of Biological Sciences and Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-4236, USA

    Eric H. Roalson

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  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India

    Agepati S. Raghavendra

  2. Dept. Botany, University of Toronto, Willcocks Street 25, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada

    Rowan F. Sage

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Roalson, E.H. (2010). Chapter 16 C4 Photosynthesis Origins in the Monocots: A Review and Reanalysis. In: Raghavendra, A., Sage, R. (eds) C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9407-0_16

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