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The Transantarctic Mountains pp 573–633Cite as

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet

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Abstract

Antarctica is the fifth largest continent on the Earth with an area of 14,200,000 km2. About 98% of the surface of Antarctica is covered by an ice sheet that is 2,000 m thick on average. The volume of the ice sheet has changed in the course of time and reached a maximum during the late Wisconsin (Weichselian) ice age about 20,000 years ago. At that time, the volume of the Antarctic ice sheet was 37.7 × 106 km3, of which 24.2 × 106 km3 covered the East Antarctic craton and 13.5 × 106 km3 overlay the bedrock of West Antarctica and the associated islands (Hughes et al. 1981). Taken together, the ice sheets of Antarctica constitute about 90% of the ice that exists on the Earth. The ice cap that covers Greenland makes up about 9% of the total and all other ice caps and glaciers on the Earth contribute only 1% of the ice on the Earth (Hughes et al. 1981; Bindschadler 2004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA

    Gunter Faure

  2. School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, 313 Morrill Hall 1465 Mt. Vernon Ave., Marion, Ohio, 43302, USA

    Teresa M. Mensing

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Appendix

Appendix

17.12.1 Chemical composition of snow at Base Roi Baudouin, Amundsen-Scott, and Plateau stations (Hanappe et al. 1968)

 

Na

Mg

K

Ca

Mn

Fe

Ni

(parts per billion per gram (ppb))

Base Roi Baudouin (40 g/cm 2 /y) a

1.

    

0.15 ± 0.03

11 ± 1

0.42 ± 0.08

2.

226 ± 11

27 ± 3

44 ± 7

27 ± 3

 

15 ± 3

0.80 ± 0.15

       

0.74 ± 0.08

3.

    

0.19 ± 0.02

 

0.42 ± 0.04

4.

251 ± 12

31 ± 3

30 ± 4

18 ± 3

0.05 ± 0.01

2.6 ± 0.4

0.26 ± 0.04

      

2.3 ± 0.3

0.29 ± 0.03

5.

265 ± 13

28 ± 3

16 ± 2

7.1 ± 1.5

0.12 ± 0.02

2.8 ± 0.3

0.13 ± 0.04

Avg.

247 ± 20

29 ± 2

30 ± 14

17 ± 10

0.13 ± 0.06

6.7 ± 5.9

0.44 ± 0.25

Amundsen-Scott Station (6 g/cm 2 /y)

6.

9 ± 1

 

<15

 

0.75 ± 0.03

 

0.05 ± 0.02

7.

    

0.29 ± 0.03

 

0.13 ± 0.04

Avg.

9 ± 1

 

<15

 

0.52 ± 0.33

 

0.09 ± 0.06

Plateau Station (2.8 g/cm 2 /y)

8.

18 ± 2

3.4 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.9

0.6 ± 0.3

<0.02

7.0 ± 0.7

<0.07

9.

35 ± 3

6.4 ± 0.6

13 ± 2

13 ± 2

0.24 ± 0.04

6.5 × 0.7

0.2 ± 0.1

     

0.21 ± 0.03

 

0.17 ± 0.03

10.

    

0.27 ± 0.03

 

0.16 ± 0.03

11.

32 ± 2

4.9 ± 1.5

3.5 ± 0.7

8.6 ± 0.9

0.41 ± 0.04

7.4 ± 0.7

0.062 ± 0.01

     

0.37 ± 0.04

7.1 ± 0.4

0.063 ± 0.006

       

0.064 ± 0.007

Avg.

28 ± 9

4.9 ± 1.5

7.0 ± 5.2

7.4 ± 6.3

0.25 ± 0.14

7.0 ± 0.4

0.113 ± 0.06

  1. aRate of meteoric precipitation of water.

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Faure, G., Mensing, T.M. (2011). The East Antarctic Ice Sheet. In: The Transantarctic Mountains. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9390-5_17

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