Abstract
This chapter presents the experimental characterization of the dynamic supply CMOS RF power amplifier whose design was the subject of Chap. 3. The integrated circuit occupies an area of 1.35 mm2. The circuit was designed for an operating frequency of 5.2 GHz, but measurements were also performed at 2.4 GHz. Two-tone measurement results at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz showed that the system can deliver over 16 dBm (40 mW) linear output power with efficiencies of 22.7% and 12.6%, respectively. Compared to a constant 2.5 V supply operation, the power amplifier operating with the dynamic supply delivers higher linear output power. Moreover, a relative efficiency improvement of a factor of 2.3 at 2.4 GHz and of a factor of 1.6 at 5.2 GHz at low output power levels is achieved. OFDM measurements at 2.4 GHz demonstrated that for an EVM lower than 3% and for an equal output power of 11 dBm (12.6 mW), the absolute improvement in efficiency is over 3.2%.
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Notes
- 1.
FR-4 stands for Flame Retardant type 4, which is a woven fiberglass reinforced epoxy resin.
- 2.
Agilent’s HP8562E, 30 Hz–13.2 GHz [2].
- 3.
In [7], we published t d=8.9 ns, due to a mathematical mistake. The correct is t d=4.5 ns. This mistake, however, did not affect the results presented in that paper.
- 4.
68 Ω in parallel with the 250 Ω internal termination of the LTC5508 results in a termination of about 50 Ω seen by the coupler.
- 5.
A sweep in the input power from −10 to 10 dBm was made with the network analyzer at 5.2 GHz. It revealed that the value of S 21 was also approximately 4.6 dB from −10 to 0 dBm. This value decreased for higher input power levels as the amplifier began to compress.
- 6.
For the calculation of the PAE, the DC power consumption was obtained by multiplying the 2.5 V power supply voltage by the rms current delivered by it. The rms current was measured with a true-rms multimeter. The power delivered by the 2.5 V supply includes the DC consumption of both the modulator and the PA. The consumption of the envelope detection and processing blocks was not considered in the PAE calculation. For a detailed illustration of the measurement setup, refer to Chap. 9 (Appendix A).
- 7.
The envelope bandwidth of an OFDM signal is 20 MHz.
- 8.
The setup used in the OFDM measurements is described in Chap. 9 (Appendix A).
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Dal Fabbro, P.A., Kayal, M. (2010). Measurement Results for the Dynamic Supply CMOS RF Power Amplifier. In: Linear CMOS RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Applications. Analog Circuits and Signal Processing. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9361-5_4
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