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Salivary Protease Inhibitors with Non Anti-Hemostatic Functions

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Toxins and Hemostasis

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Abstract

Arthropod saliva regulates proteolysis in the sites of bite(s). Secreted salivary inhibitors target different proteolytic enzymes (proteases) that have a pivotal role in vertebrate hemostasis, immunity and inflammation. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the salivary protease inhibitors that affect the latter two physiological procedures. Functional studies, mainly in ticks, have demonstrated many potent arthropod salivary inhibitors of cysteine proteases (cathepsins) and serine proteases (elastase and tryptase). Emphasis is given to the function of these inhibitors and more specifically to the mechanism by which they facilitate hematophagy.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, by the grant No. IAA600960811 from the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and by the Research Center No. LC06009 from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. We thank Professor R. Manjunatha Kini for the fruitful discussions and comments on the manuscript, Dr. Koh Cho Yeow for preparing the figure and NIAID intramural editor Brenda Rae Marshall for assistance.

Because I.M.B.F. is a government employee and this is a government work, the work is in the public domain in the United States. Notwithstanding any other agreements, the NIH reserves the right to provide the work to PubMedCentral for display and use by the public, and PubMedCentral may tag or modify the work consistent with its customary practices. You can establish rights outside of the U.S. subject to a government use license.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, ASCR v.v.i., 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Jindřich Chmelař

  2. Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852-8132, USA

    Ivo M.B. Francischetti

  3. Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, ASCR v.v.i., Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Michalis Kotsyfakis

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  1. Jindřich Chmelař
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Correspondence to Michalis Kotsyfakis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4 14, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    R. Manjunatha Kini

  2. , Department of Haematology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland

    Kenneth J Clemetson

  3. , Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus/9270, Los Angeles, 90089, USA

    Francis S. Markland

  4. , Medical Technology, University of Delaware, 305G Willard Hall Educ Bld, Newark, 19716, Delaware, USA

    Mary Ann McLane

  5. , Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Nishio Kiyose 2-522-1, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan

    Takashi Morita

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Chmelař, J., Francischetti, I.M., Kotsyfakis, M. (2010). Salivary Protease Inhibitors with Non Anti-Hemostatic Functions. In: Kini, R., Clemetson, K., Markland, F., McLane, M., Morita, T. (eds) Toxins and Hemostasis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_10

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