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Taxonomic Discrimination of Phytoplankton by Spectral Fluorescence

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Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 4))

Abstract

Chlorophyll fluorescence techniques are used widely in both laboratory and field studies to assess the abundance and physiological responses of cyanobacteria, microalgae, macroalgae and vascular plants, as described in other chapters in this volume. Most of the instruments used in these studies excite fluorescence in the blue region of the spectrum and measure chlorophyll fluorescence (peak ca. 685 nm) at ambient temperature. Fluorescence is generally detected using a photomultiplier tube (PMT), which is very sensitive to intensity but insensitive to spectral quality. Cross-talk between the light source used to excite fluorescence and the detector is prevented by the use of cut-off filters on both the emitter and the PMT, or by the use of emitters with narrow wavebands, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers, and a long-pass filter on the detector. With the advent of LEDs, which have a very high efficiency (intensity of light output per unit power input) compared to the xenon flash-lamps used in many older instruments, commercially-available fluorometers can have very low power demands and be both small and sensitive (detection limits are typically <1 mg m−3 of Chla). This makes them ideal for unattended monitoring such as on platforms, moorings or gliders.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Abbreviations: AOA, Algae Online Analyzer (bbe Moldaenke); CCMP, Guillard-Provasoli Center for the Culture of Marine Phytoplankton (Boothbay Harbor, ME, USA); CFC, cellular fluorescence capacity, an analog of the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis; Chla, b, c; chlorophylls a, b and c; DPS, de-epoxidation state; FRR fast repetition rate (fluorometry); LHC, light-harvesting complex; KE, saturating parameter of the growth-irradiance curve; MgDVP, Mg-3, 8-divinyl phaeoporphyrin a 5 monomethyl ester; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; PAM, pulse amplitude modulated (fluorometry); PC, phycocyanin; PE, phycoerythrin; PPC, photoprotective carotenoids; PSC, photosynthetic carotenoids; PSI, photosystem I; PSII, photosystem II; SFS, spectral fluorescence signature(s)

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Acknowledgements

We thank Geir Johnsen and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved this work. We thank Adrienne Stutes, Andy Canion, Alison Rellinger, Preston Kendrick and Emily Goldman for assistance in field sampling and lab work. HLM was supported by the US National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration’s Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (Grant number NA06NOS4190167). HLM acknowledges support for supplementary fieldwork from the US EPA (Grant numbers X-93190401 and R-83065101-1-6) and US Department of Commerce (Grant number NA17FZ2602-A3-08), administered through the Alabama Center for Estuarine Studies and the Alabama Oyster Reef Restoration Program. TLR acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (Grant numbers OCE06234001 and CBET0606940) and the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (Grant number P/M-2J-V410).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada

    Hugh L. MacIntyre

  2. Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Evelyn Lawrenz & Tammi L. Richardson

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Tammi L. Richardson

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  1. Hugh L. MacIntyre
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  2. Evelyn Lawrenz
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  3. Tammi L. Richardson
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Correspondence to Hugh L. MacIntyre .

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  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom

    David J. Suggett

  2. Institute of Microbiology, Opatovciky mlyn, Trebon, 379 81, Czech Republic

    Ondrej Prášil

  3. Murdoch University, School of Biological Sciences and Biotec, Algae R&D Center, Murdoch, 6150, West Australia, Australia

    Michael A. Borowitzka

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MacIntyre, H.L., Lawrenz, E., Richardson, T.L. (2010). Taxonomic Discrimination of Phytoplankton by Spectral Fluorescence. In: Suggett, D., Prášil, O., Borowitzka, M. (eds) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9268-7_7

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