Abstract
The study of the origin of life is an immature science. If we apply the strictures of Immanuel Kant it may not be considered a mature science until it can be said to have embarked on a course of orderly progress. Indeed, if we review the development of research into the origin of life, we have to admit that it is still far from presenting the image of progress. It may be best characterized as an exercise of randomly groping around – and doing so at a number of different levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barrault J, Boulinguiez M, Forquy C, Maurel R (1987) Synthesis of methyl mercaptan from carbon oxides and H2S with tungsten-alumina catalysts. Appl Catal 33:309–330
Bernal JD (1951) The physical basis of life. Routledge/Kegan Paul, London
Berrisford DJ, Bolm C, Sharpless KB (1995) Ligand accelerated catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 34:1059–1070
Blackmond DG (2009) An examination of the role of autocatalytic cycles in the chemistry of proposed primordial reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:386–390
Cairns-Smith AG (1982) Genetic takeover. Cambridge University Press, London
Cockell CS (2006) The origin and emergence of life under impact bombardment. Phil Trans R Soc B 361:1845–1875
Cody GD, Boctor NZ, Filley TR, Hazen RM, Scott JH, Sharma A, Yoder HS Jr (2000) Primordial carbonylated iron–sulfur compounds and the synthesis of pyruvate. Science 289:1337–1340
Corazza E (1986) Field workshop on volcanic gases, Volcano (Italy), 1982, General Report. Geothermics 15:197–200
Corliss JB, Baross JA, Hoffman SE (1981) An hypothesis concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the origin of life on Earth. Oceanol Acta SP:59–69
Di Giulio M (2003) The universal ancestor and the ancestor of bacteria were hyperthermophiles. J Mol Evol 57:721–730
Dörr M, Käßbohrer J, Grunert R, Kreisel G, Brand WA, Werner RA, Geilmann H, Apfel C, Robl C, Weigand W (2003) A possible prebiotic formation of ammonia from dinitrogen on iron-sulfide surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed 42:1540–1543
Drobner E, Huber H, Wächtershäuser G, Rose D, Stetter KO (1990) Pyrite formation linked with hydrogen evolution under anaerobic conditions. Nature 346:742–744
Filtness MJ, Butler IB, Rickard D (2003) The origin of life: the properties of iron sulphide membranes. Trans Inst Min Metall Sect B 112:171–172
Fukuda F, Dokiya M, Kameyama T, Kotera Y (1977) Catalytic activity of metal sulfides for the reaction, H2S + CO = H2 + COS. J Catal 49:379–382
Gräwert T, Kaiser J, Zepeck F et al (2004) IspH Protein of Escherichia coli: Studies on iron-sulfur cluster implementation and catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 126:12847–12855
Heinen W, Lauwers AM (1996) Organic sulfur compounds resulting from the interaction of iron sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in an anaerobic aqueous environment. Orig Life Evol Biosph 26:131–150
Huber C, Eisenreich W, Hecht S, Wächtershäuser G (2003) A possible primordial peptide cycle. Science 301:938–940
Huber C, Wächtershäuser G (1997) Activated acetic acid by carbon fixation on (Fe, Ni)S unnder primordial conditions. Science 276:245–247
Huber C, Wächtershäuser G (1998) Peptides by activation of amino acids on (Fe, Ni)S surfaces: Implications for the origin of life. Science 281:670–672
Huber C, Wächtershäuser G (2006) α-Hydroxy and α-amino acids under possible hadean, volcanic origin-of-life conditions. Science 324:630–632
Holloway JR, Blank JG (1994) Application of experimental results to C–O–H species in natural melts. Rev Mineralog 30:187–230
Jacobsen SB (2003) How old is planet Earth? Science 300:1513–1514
Jékely G (2008) Origin of the nucleus and Ran-dependent transport to safeguard ribosome biogenesis in a chimeric cell. Biol Direct 3:31–45
Kandler O (1994a) Cell wall biochemistry in Archaea and its phylogenetic implications. J Biol Phys 20:165–169
Kandler O (1994) The early diversification of life. In: Bengtson S (ed) Early life on earth: Nobel Symposium No. 84. Columbia University Press, New York, p 152
Kandler O (1998) The early diversification of life and the origin of the three domains: a proposal. In: Wiegel J, Adams MWW (eds) Thermophiles: the keys to molecular evolution and the origin of life. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 19–28
Kant I (1790) Krtik der Urteilskraft, Translation by Meredith JC. 1952. The critique of judgment. Clarendon, Oxford, pp 81, 82
Kelley DS, Karon JA, Blackman DA et al (2001) An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30 degrees N. Nature 412:145–149
King GAM (1977) Symbiosis and the origin of life. Orig Life 8:39–53
Kleine T, Münker C, Mezger K, Palme H (2002) Rapid accretion and early core formation on asteroids and on terrestrial planets from Hf-W chronometry. Nature 418:952–955
Kuhn H (1972) Selbstorganisation molekularer systeme und die evolution des genetischen apparats. Angew Chem 84:838–862
Kuma K, Paplawsky W, Gedulin B, Arrhenius G (1989) Mixed-valence hydroxides as bioorganic host minerals. Orig Life Evol Biosph 19:573–582
Kuwabara T, Minaba M, Ogi N, Kammekura M (2005) Thermococcus coalescens sp. nov., a cell- fusing hyperthermophilic archaeon from Suiyo Seamount. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:2507–2514
Lang BF, Burger G, O’Kelly CJ, Cedergren R, Golding GB, Lemieux C, Sankoff D, Turmel M, Gray MW (1997) An ancestral mitochondrial DNA resembling a eubacterial genome in miniature. Nature 387:493–497
Lodders K (2003) Solar system abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements. Astrophys J 591:1220–1247
Martin W, Koonin EV (2006) Introns and the origin of nucleus-cytosol compartmentalization. Nature 440:41–45
Martin W, Russell MJ (2003) On the origin of cells: an hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells. Phil Trans R Soc B 358:27–85
Mojzsis SJ, Harrison TM, Pidgeon RT (2001) Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for liquid water at the Earth’s surface 4.300 Myr ago. Nature 409:178–181
Mukhin L (1974) Evolution of organic compounds in volcanic regions. Nature 251:50–51
Nägeli C (1884) Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre. Oldenbourg, München, pp 83–101
Orgel LE (1968) Evolution of the genetic apparatus. J Mol Evol 38:381–393
Oparin AI (1924) Proiskhozhdenie zhizny. Moscow. Izd. Mosk. Rabochii. English translation by Synge A (1967). In: Bernal JD (ed) The origin of life. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, pp 199–234
Owen AJ (1961) Calcium cyanamide synthesis. Part 1. – Thermodynamic studies. Trans Faraday Soc 57:670–677
Peck WH, Valley JW, Wilde SA, Graham CM (2001) Oxygen isotope ratios and rare earth elements in 3.3 to 4.4 Ga zircons: Ion microprobe evidence for high δ18O continental crust and oceans in the early archaean. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:4215–4229
Russell MJ, Hall AJ (1997) The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front. J Geol Soc 154:377–402
Russell MJ (2007) The alkaline solution to the emergence of life: energy, entropy and early evolution. Acta Biotheor 55:133–179
Siefert JL, Martin KA, Abdi F, Widger WR, Fox GE (1977) Conserved gene clusters in bacterial genomes provide further support for the primacy of RNA. J Mol Evol 45:467–472
Taylor P, Rummery TE, Owen DG (1979) Reactions of iron mono-sulfide solids with aqueous hydrogen sulfide up to 160°C. J Inorg Nucl Chem 41:1683–1687
Wächtershäuser G (1988a) Before enzymes and templates: theory of surface metabolism. Microbiol Rev 52:452–484
Wächtershäuser G (1988b) German Patent Application P 38 12 158.1, filed April 4, 1988 and published November 3, 1988. p 9
Wächtershäuser G (1988c) Pyrite formation, the first energy source for life: a hypothesis. Syst Appl Microbiol 10:207–210
Wächtershäuser G (1990) Evolution of the first metabolic cycles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:200–204
Wächtershäuser G (1992) Groundworks for an evolutionary biochemistry: the iron–sulphur world. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 58:85–201
Wächtershäuser G (1997) The origin of life and its methodological challenge. J Theor Biol 187:483–494
Wächtershäuser G (1998a) The case for a hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic origin of life in an iron–sulfur world. In: Wiegel J, Adams MWW (eds) Thermophiles: the keys to molecular evolution and the origin of life. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 47–57
Wächtershäuser G (1998b) Towards a reconstruction of ancestral genomes by gene cluster alignment. Syst Appl Microbiol 21:473–477
Wächtershäuser G (2001) RNA world vs. autocatalytic anabolism. In: Dworkin M (ed) The prokaryotes, an evolving electronic resource for the microbial community. Springer, New York
Wächtershäuser G (2003) From pre-cells to Eukarya – a tale of two lipids. Mol Microbiol 47:13–22
Wächtershäuser G (2006) From volcanic origins of chemoautotrophic life to bacteria, archaea and eukarya. Phil Trans R Soc B London 361:1787–1808
Wächtershäuser G (2007) On the chemistry and evolution of the pioneer organism. Chem Biodivers 4:584–602
Wilde SA, Valley JW, Peck WH, Graham CM (2001) Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. Nature 409:175–178
Woese CR (1967) The genetic code: the molecular basis for genetic expression. Harper and Row, New York
Woese CR, Fox GE (1977) The concept of cellular evolution. J Mol Evol 10:1–6
Woese CR (1982) Archaebacteria and cellular origins: an overview. Zbl Bakt Hyg, I Abt Orig C3:1–17
Woese CR (1987) Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51:221–271
Woese CR (1998) The universal ancestor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:6854–6859
Ycas M (1955) A note on the origin of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 41:714–716
Yin Q, Jacobsen SB, Yamashita K, Blichert-Toft J, Télouk P, Albarède F (2002) A short timescale for terrestrial planet formation from Hf-W chronometry of meteorites. Nature 418:949–952
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Netherlands
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wächtershäuser, G. (2010). Chemoautotrophic Origin of Life: The Iron–Sulfur World Hypothesis. In: Barton, L., Mandl, M., Loy, A. (eds) Geomicrobiology: Molecular and Environmental Perspective. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9204-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9204-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-9203-8
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-9204-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)