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Patterning Cells on Complex Curved Surface by Precision Spraying of Polymers

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Cell and Organ Printing

Abstract

Developing tissue engineering methods is a very important part of biomedical research and regenerative medicine to replace damaged or degenerating tissue. A key feature of arbitrarily engineered tissue is the ability to control the position of living cells. Maskless Mesoscale Material Deposition Technique (M3D) is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) driven Direct Write technique that has been developed for rapidly depositing a variety of materials and used in manufacturing and assembling of electronic devices. In this method, which we call Precision Spraying (PS), aerosol is generated using a polymer solution, aerosol is transported towards a deposition head using a primary gas flow, focused with secondary gas flow (sheath airflow) through an orifice in the deposition head, and deposited on the substrate to create micron-scale features. This chapter will describe how precision spraying of polymers followed by cell plating can be used as a rapid and flexible two step method to obtain cellular micropatterns. We will discuss two methods of patterning substrates. The first, which we call positive patterning, is a method of patterning adhesive molecules, such as laminin or polyethylenimine (PEI) on a non-adhesive substrate such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a single spray operation. Cellular patterns are generated using a variety of animal cell types where cells adhere to the adhesive regions and avoid the non adhesive (bare PDMS) regions. The second method, which we call negative patterning, is a method of patterning hydrophobic materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or PDMS, on a relatively more adhesive substrate such as glass. In this method, cells form patterns on the adhesive regions and avoid the hydrophobic regions. We will also discuss how we can obtain cellular patterns on complex curved glass surfaces using the precision spraying method.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Dr. David J. Odde (University of Minnesota), Dr. Michael J. Renn (Optomec Design Co.) and Mr. Jason Paulsen (Optomec Design Co.) for their collaboration in this study. Also, I thank Abhinav Arneja, Patricia Wadsworth, and Andrew Bicek for their advice in NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell culture and LLCPK1-α epithelial cell culture, and Chris Frethem and Alice Ressler at the Electron Microscopy Lab at the University of Minnesota for their technical support. Funding for this project was partially provided by NSF-BITS Grant No. EIA0130875 to D.J.O. and through the Microfabricated Neural Networks Interest Group of the Biomedical Engineering Institute at University of Minnesota. This work was originally published in Biotechnology and BioEngineering, 5; 93(5):919–927. The support to format this work into a book chapter was provided under a U.S. Army contract W911QY-08-D-0017-0005 awarded to General Dynamics Information Technology. The writing of this chapter was supported under a U.S. Army contract W911QY-08-D-0017-0005 awarded to General Dynamics Information Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Dynamics Information Technology, Fairfax, VA, USA

    Mauris N. DeSilva

  2. Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Mauris N. DeSilva

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  1. Mauris N. DeSilva
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Correspondence to Mauris N. DeSilva .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Div. Chemistry, Code 6113, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Overlook Ave. SW., 4555, Washington, 20375, District of Columbia, USA

    Bradley R. Ringeisen

  2. Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Code 6113, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Overlook Ave. SW., 4555, Washington, 20375, District of Columbia, USA

    Barry J. Spargo

  3. Div. Chemistry, Code 6113, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Overlook Ave. SW., 4555, Washington, 20375, District of Columbia, USA

    Peter K. Wu

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DeSilva, M.N. (2010). Patterning Cells on Complex Curved Surface by Precision Spraying of Polymers. In: Ringeisen, B., Spargo, B., Wu, P. (eds) Cell and Organ Printing. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9145-1_11

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