Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ethnic Residential Segregation Change in England and Wales

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ethnicity and Integration

Part of the book series: Understanding Population Trends and Processes ((UPTA,volume 3))

Abstract

The 1991 and 2001 Censuses of Population in England and Wales provided comprehensive data of ethnic groups from national to local areas, thus stimulating analytical new research on the changing residential patterns of ethnic groups. However, such comparisons can be misleading if inconsistencies between censuses are not allowed for. This chapter addresses the study of ethnic residential segregation over time and age cohorts in England and Wales between 1991 and 2001. The objectives are twofold: (1) to examine the marginal changes that occur when complete population estimates for small areas in England and Wales with ethnic group and age detail are used; and (2) to provide a new window to fill the gap in knowledge about residential segregation across age cohorts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Census data as published from Table S06 (1991) and Table CAST03 (2001) across wards and districts have been employed. Complete population estimates have been used for the same years and areas (available at http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/research/PopulationEstimates.htm).

  2. 2.

    The inclusion of small populations in the complete estimates that are more evenly spread than in the census due to the random rounding of 1 s and 2 s to 0 s and 3 s (ONS, 2006) is likely to decrease the index values of ID. In the complete estimates, 0 s and 3 s tend to become smoothed to values between 0 and 3. Although this might be a more realistic picture than the lack of 1s and 2s in the census, the truth cannot be known, thus adding approximation to all analysis, particularly for small areas as discussed by Stillwell and Duke-Williams (2007).

References

  • Bosveld, K., Connolly, H. and Rendall, M. (2006) A Guide to Comparing 1991 and 2001 Census Ethnic Group Data, Office for National Statistics, London, available online at http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/nojournal/GuideV9.pdf

  • Burgess, E. (1928) Residential segregation in American cities, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 14: 105–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantle, T. (2001) Community Cohesion: A Report of the Independent Review Team, Home Office, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champion, A. (1996) Internal migration and ethnicity in Britain in Ratcliffe, P. (ed.), Ethnicity in the 1991 Census, Vol. 3, HMSO, London, pp. 135–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champion, A. (2005) Population movement within the UK in Chappell, R. (ed.), Focus on People and Migration, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 92–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chisholm, M. and Dench, G. (2005) Community Identity: Literature Review and Analysis for Periodic Electoral Reviews, Electoral Commission, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courgeau, D. (1985) Interaction between spatial mobility, family and career life-cycle: A French survey, European Sociological Review, 1(2): 139–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorling, D. and Rees, P. (2003) Anation still dividing: The British census and social polarisation, 1971–2001, Environment and Planning A, 35(7): 1287–1313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorling, D. and Thomas, B. (2004) People and Places: A 2001 Census Atlas of the UK, The Policy Press, Bristol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, O.B. and Duncan, B. (1955) A methodological analysis of segregation indexes, American Sociological Review, 20: 210–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durham, H., Dorling, D. and Rees, P. (2006) An online census atlas for everyone, Area, 38: 336–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finney, N. and Simpson, L. (2009) Internal migration and ethnic groups: Evidence for Britain from the 2001 census, Population, Space and Place, 14(2): 63–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finney, N. and Simpson, L. (2009) Population dynamics: The roles of natural change and migration in producing the ethnic mosaic, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(9): 1479–1496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fokkema, T., Gierveld, J. and Nijkamp, P. (1996) Big cities, big problems: Reason for the elderly to move? Urban Studies, 33(2): 353–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortuijn, J.D., Musterd, S. and Ostendorf, W. (1998) International migration and ethnic segregation: Impacts on urban areas, Urban Studies, 35: 367–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, I. (2007) Leicester to be the first city where white people are minority, The Independent, September 11. Available online at http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/leicester-to-be-first-city-where-white-people-are-minority-401968.html

  • Hussain, S. and Stillwell, J. (2008) Internal Migration of Ethnic Groups in England and Wales by Age and District Type (Working Paper 08/3), School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, R., Forrest, J. and Poulsen, M. (2002) Are there ethnic enclaves/ghettos in English cities? Urban Studies, 39(4): 591–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, D. and Holloway, S. (1998) Segregation in Cities, Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieberson, S. (1963) Ethnic Patterns in American Cities, The Free Press of Glencoe, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan, J. (1978) Growth, politics and the stratification of places, American Journal of Sociology, 184: 404–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D., Condran, G. and Denton, N. (1987) The effects of residential segregation on black social and economic well-being, Social Forces, 66: 29–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. and Denton, N. (1988) The dimensions of residential segregation, Social Forces, 67: 281–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. and Denton, N. (1993) American Apartheid, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musterd, S. (2003) Segregation and integration: A contested relationship, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29(4): 623–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ONS (2006) 2001 Census Disclosure Control. Office for National Statistics. Available online at http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pdfs/ag0106.pdf

  • Owen, D. (1992) Ethnic Minorities in Great Britain: Settlement Patterns, National Ethnic Minority Data Archive (1991 Census Statistical Paper No. 1), Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, Coventry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peach, C. (1996a) Does Britain have ghettos? Transactions, Institute of British Geographers, 21(1): 216–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peach, C. (1996b) Black Caribbeans: Gender and geography, ethnicity in the 1991 census in Peach, C. (ed.), Ethnicity, Vol. 2, Stationary Office, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peach, C. (1998) South Asian and Caribbean ethnic minority housing choice in Britain, Urban Studies, 35(10): 1657–1680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. (1998) Black minority ethnic concentration, segregation and dispersal in Britain, Urban Studies, 35(10): 1681–1702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. (2006) Parallel lives? Challenging discourses of British Muslim self-segregation, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24(1): 25–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rees, P. and Butt, F. (2004) Ethnic change and diversity in England, 1981–2001, Area, 36(2): 174–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, A., Raquillet, R. and Castro, L.J. (1978) Model migration schedules and their applications, Environment and Planning A, 10(5): 475–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabater, A. (2008) Estimation of Ethnic Groups in Sub-national Areas for Analysis of Population Change, England and Wales, 1991–2001. PhD thesis, Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, University of Manchester, Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabater, A. and Simpson, L. (2009) Enhancing the population census: A time series for sub-national areas with age, sex and ethnic group dimensions in England and Wales, 1991–2001, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(9): 1461–1478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salt, J. and Rees, P. (2006) Globalisation, Population Mobility and Impact of Migration on Population. Public Policy Seminar Series, Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Swindon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, L. (2004) Statistics of racial segregation: Measures, evidence and policy, Urban Studies, 41(3): 661–681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, L. (2007) Ghettos of the mind: The empirical behaviour of indices of segregation and diversity, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 170(2): 405–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, L. and Akinwale, B. (2007) Quantifying stability and change in ethnic group, Journal of Official Statistics, 23(2): 185–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, L., Cossey, R. and Diamond, I. (1997) 1991 Population estimates for areas smaller than districts, Population Trends, 90: 31–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, L., Gavalas, V. and Finney, N. (2008) Population dynamics in ethnically diverse towns: The long-term implications of immigration, Urban Studies, 45(1): 163–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stillwell, J. and Duke-Williams, O. (2007) Understanding the 2001 census interaction data: The impact of small cell adjustment and problems of comparison with 1991, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 170(2): 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voas, D. and Williamson, P. (2000) The scale of dissimilarity: Concepts, measurement and an application to socio-economic variation across England and Wales, Transactions Institute of British Geographers, 25: 465–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Ludi Simpson and David Voas for their constructive and useful comments on this chapter. The research reported has been supported by an ESRC Post-doctoral Fellowship (PTA-163-27-0002) commissioned under the Understanding Population Trends and Processes (UPTAP) programme. Census data are Crown copyright. The complete mid-1991 and mid-2001 population estimates are census-based and have been prepared by members of the Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research (CCSR) at the University of Manchester.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici E7, Bellaterra(Barcelona), 08193, Spain

    Albert Sabater

Authors
  1. Albert Sabater
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Albert Sabater .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geography, Fac. Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

    John Stillwell

  2. School of Social Sciences, Centre for Census & Survey Res. (CCSR), University of Manchester, Humanities Bridgeford St., Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom

    Maarten van Ham

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sabater, A. (2010). Ethnic Residential Segregation Change in England and Wales. In: Stillwell, J., van Ham, M. (eds) Ethnicity and Integration. Understanding Population Trends and Processes, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9103-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9103-1_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-9102-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-481-9103-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation