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Freshwater diatom and macroinvertebrate diversity of coastal permanent ponds along a gradient of human impact in a Mediterranean eco-region

  • Pond Conservation
  • Chapter
Pond Conservation in Europe

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology 210 ((DIHY,volume 210))

Abstract

Mediterranean coastal areas are characterised by heavily transformed landscapes and an ever-increasing number of ponds are subjected to strong alterations. Although benthic diatoms and macroinvertebrates are widely used as indicators in freshwater ecosystems, little is still known about the diatom communities of lowland freshwater ponds in the Mediterranean region, and, furthermore, there are few macroinvertebrate-based methods to assess their ecological quality, especially in Italy. This article undertakes an analysis of benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate communities of permanent freshwater ponds, selected along a gradient of anthropogenic pressures, to identify community indicators (taxa and/or metrics) useful to evaluate the effect of human impacts. A series of 21 ponds were sampled along Tyrrhenian coast in central Italy. Five of these ponds, in a good conservations status and surrounded by woodland were selected as ‘reference sites’ for macroinvertebrates and epipelic diatoms. The remaining sixteen ponds were located in an agricultural landscape subject to different levels of human impact. The total number of macroinvertebrate taxa found in each pond was significantly higher in reference sites than in both the intermediate and heavily degraded ones, whereas the diatom species richness did not result in a good community variable to evaluate the pond ecological quality. The analysis revealed a substantial difference among the compositions of diatom communities between reference ponds and degraded ponds. The former were characterised by the presence of several species belonging to genera, such as Pinnularia sp., Eunotia sp., Stauroneis sp., Neidium sp., all of which were mostly absent from degraded ponds. Furthermore, the taxonomic richnesses of some macroinvetebrate groups (Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera), and taxa composition attributes of macroinvertebrate communities (total abundance, percentages of top three dominant taxa, percentages of Pleidae, Ancylidae, Hirudinea, Hydracarina) significantly correlated with variables linked with anthropogenic pressures. The results of the investigation suggested that diatoms tended more to reflect water chemistry through changes in community structure, whereas invertebrates responded to physical habitat changes primarily through changes in taxonomic richness. The methodologies developed for the analysis of freshwater benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate communities may have a considerable potential as a tool for assessing the ecological status of this type of water body, complying with the European Union Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC.

Guest editors: B. Oertli, R. Cereghino, A. Hull & R. Miracle

Pond Conservation: From Science to Practice. 3rd Conference of the European Pond Conservation Network, Valencia, Spain, 14–16 May 2008

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Valentina Della Bella & Laura Mancini

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  1. Valentina Della Bella
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  2. Laura Mancini
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland

    Beat Oertli

  2. University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France

    Régis Céréghino

  3. Pond Conservation, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Jeremy Biggs

  4. Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Steven Declerck

  5. Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

    Andrew Hull

  6. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Maria Rosa Miracle

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Della Bella, V., Mancini, L. (2009). Freshwater diatom and macroinvertebrate diversity of coastal permanent ponds along a gradient of human impact in a Mediterranean eco-region. In: Oertli, B., Céréghino, R., Biggs, J., Declerck, S., Hull, A., Miracle, M.R. (eds) Pond Conservation in Europe. Developments in Hydrobiology 210, vol 210. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9088-1_16

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