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Current Research Concerning the RAS in Pancreatic Stem Cells

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The Renin-Angiotensin System: Current Research Progress in The Pancreas

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 690))

Abstract

The explosion in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has expanded beyond the Western world into Asian countries such as China. Given the complication of diabetes, this expanding prevalence carries an attendant medical, social and financial burden for countries with afflicted populations. Central to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a state of insulin insufficiency, either absolute in the case of type 1 (T1DM) or relative in the case of type 2 (T2DM). The administration of exogenous insulin contributes to the management of T2DM, and has become the mainstay of treatment in T1DM. However, this therapy brings with it a substantial social and lifestyle impact. It is in this context that recent success in the islet transplantation field offers promise for diabetic patients. A lack of availability of human donor islets for transplantation, however, hampers the development and implementation of such novel therapeutic strategies. A new source of such cells must be identified and, in this context, the induction of either embryonic or somatic stem cell differentiation into islet cells offers hope. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) display features suggesting that their differentiation into pancreatic insulin-producing cells may be possible. However, the true origin of insulin release from these cells is uncertain, and it remains a concern that such cells may have tumorigenic properties. Stem cells derived from the pancreas itself, however, might offer an exciting alternative. That such cells exist suggests that the endocrine pancreas is capable of regeneration long into adulthood. The potential use of pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) as a source of mature islet cells has recently been fuelled by the demonstration that such cells may be induced to differentiate into islet-like cell clusters (ICCs). Nevertheless, these putative islets have so far failed to achieve full maturation.

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  1. School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China

    Po Sing Leung PhD

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Leung, P.S. (2010). Current Research Concerning the RAS in Pancreatic Stem Cells. In: The Renin-Angiotensin System: Current Research Progress in The Pancreas. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 690. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9060-7_9

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