Abstract
This chapter examines the Chinese in contemporary Philippines. In some ways, the Chinese here exhibit characteristics that are different when compared to the Chinese in other Southeast Asian countries. For example, many of the Chinese have converted to Christianity, although, as the chapter will show, their religion is hybridized, an intermixing of traditional Chinese Taoist and Buddhist practices with Christian beliefs and rituals. Also, unlike many Southeast Asian countries, the Chinese did not have to contend with overt ethnic discrimination by the state. As such, in the Philippines, a large number of Chinese schools and community organizations continue to perform important functions for the Chinese community.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Alip, E.M. (1974) The Chinese in Manila, Manila: National Historical Commission.
Baviera, A.S.P. (1994) Contemporary Political Attitudes and Behaviour of the Chinese in Metro Manila, Quezon City: Philippine-China Development Resource Center.
Blaker, J.R. (1970) The Chinese in the Philippines: A Study of Power and Change, Ph.D. thesis, The Ohio State University, Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.
Cariño, T.C. (1994) State Ideology, Policies and the Ethnic Identity: The Case of the Chinese in the Philippines. In T.A. See and G.B. Juan (eds.), The Ethnic Chinese: Proceedings of the International Conference on Changing Identities and the Relations in Southeast Asia, Manila: Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran Inc, pp. 149–155.
Cariño, T.C. (1998) Chinese Big Business in the Philippines: Political Leadership and Change, Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Castillo, A.V. (1964) The Chinese Role in Philippine Economic Progress. In S.S.C. Liao (ed.), Chinese Participation in Philippine Culture and Economy, Manila: Bookman Inc, pp. 172–177.
Dobbin, C.E. (1996) Asian Entrepreneurial Minorities: Conjoint Communities in the Making of the World Economy, 1570–1940, Surrey: Curzon Press.
Eitzen, D.S. (1974) Two Minorities: The Jews of Poland and the Chinese of the Philippines. In C.J. McCarthy (ed.), Philippine Chinese Profile: Essays and Studies, Manila: Pagkakaisa Sa Pag-unlad, pp. 107–128.
Gupta, A. and Ferguson, J. (1997) Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology, Chapel Hill: Duke University Press.
Hedman, E.-L.E. and Sidel, J.T. (2000) Forget it, Jake, it's Chinatown. In E.-L.E. Hedman and J.T. Sidel (eds.), Philippine Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century: Colonial Legacies, Post-colonial Trajectories, London: Routledge, pp. 65–87.
Liao, S.S.C. (1964) Chinese Participation in Philippine Culture and Economy, Manila: Bookman Inc.
Purcell, V. (1965) The Chinese in Southeast Asia, London: Oxford University Press.
See, C. (1985) Chinese Education and Ethnic Identity. In T. Cariño (ed.), Chinese in the Philippines, Manila: De La Salle University Press.
See, C. (1992) The Chinese Immigrants: Selected Writings of Professor C. See, T.A. See (ed.), Manila: Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran: Chinese Studies Program, De La Salle University.
See, A.T. (2004) Chinese in the Philippines: Problems and Perspectives, Vol. 3, Manila: Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran Inc.
See, A.T. (2007) Influx of New Chinese Immigrants to the Philippines: Problems and Challenges. In M. ThunØ (ed.), Beyond Chinatown: New Chinese Migration and the Global Expansion of China, Copenhagen, Denmark: NIAS Press.
Suryadinata, L. (1994) Government Policies towards the Ethnic Chinese in the ASEAN States: Comparative Analysis. In T.A. See and G.B. Juan (eds.), The Ethnic Chinese: Proceedings of the International Conference on Changing Identities and the Relations in Southeast Asia, Manila: Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran Inc, pp. 67–80.
Suryadinata, L. (ed.). (2007) Understanding the Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Tan, A.S. (1972) The Chinese in the Philippines, 1898–1935: A Study of their National Awakening, Quezon City, Philippines: R.P. Garcia Publishing Co.
Tan, A.S. (1985) Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of Filipino Nationality. In T. Cariño (ed.), Chinese in the Philippines, Manila: De La Salle University Press.
Tan, S.K. (1992) The Chinese of Siasi: A Case of Successful Integration. In A.S.P. Baviera and T.A. See (eds.), China, Across the Seas: The Chinese as Filipinos, New Manila, Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Association for Chinese Studies.
Tang, T. (1964) The Chinese in the Philippines- A Synthesis. In S.S.C. Liao (ed.), Chinese Participation in Philippine Culture and Economy, Manila: Bookman Inc.
Tilman, R.O. (1974) Philippine Chinese Youth Today and Tomorrow. In C.J. McCarthy (ed.), Philippines Chinese Profile: Essays and Studies, Manila: Pagkakaisa Sa Pag-unlad Inc.
Weightman, G.H. (1998) The Chinese in the Philippines: From Aliens to Cultural Minority. In F.L.K. Hsu and H. Serrie (eds.), The Overseas Chinese: Ethnicity in National Context, Lanham: University Press of America.
Wickberg, E. (1997) Anti-Sinicism and Chinese Identity Options in the Philippines. In D. Chirot and A. Reid (eds.), Essential Outsiders? Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe, Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 153–186.
Wong, K.C. (1999) The Chinese in the Philippine Economy 1989–1941, Manila: Ateneo De Manila University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tong, C.K. (2011). Hybridization and Chineseness in the Philippines. In: Identity and Ethnic Relations in Southeast Asia. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8909-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8909-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8908-3
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-8909-0
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)